TABLE 1.
Body composition and areal BMD1
| WL (n = 19) |
WM (n = 19) |
P |
|||||
| Baseline | Final | Baseline | Final | Group | Time | Group × time | |
| Age, y | 57.7 ± 6.6 | — | 59.7 ± 4.9 | — | — | — | — |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.4 ± 4.7 | 30.0 ± 4.8 | 30.6 ± 3.0 | 30.6 ± 2.9 | 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 103.1 ± 18.5 | 95.1 ± 18.5 | 94.4 ± 11.6 | 94.2 ± 11.6 | 0.39 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total body fat, kg | 34.2 ± 10.9 | 28.7 ± 12.4 | 29.2 ± 7.4 | 29.3 ± 6.9 | 0.22 | <0.003 | <0.001 |
| Fat-free soft tissue, kg | 64.0 ± 8.7 | 62.5 ± 8.6 | 59.9 ± 6.4 | 60.3 ± 7.2 | 0.46 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| Bone mineral content, g | 3184.8 ± 416.9 | 3069.7 ± 451.4 | 3121.4 ± 480.3 | 3113.6 ± 464.8 | 0.94 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| BMD, g/cm2 | |||||||
| Ultradistal radius | 0.439 ± 0.044 | 0.431 ± 0.048 | 0.413 ± 0.056 | 0.415 ± 0.058 | 0.87 | 0.30 | 0.19 |
| One-third radius2 | 0.804 ± 0.075 | 0.798 ± 0.075 | 0.759 ± 0.087 | 0.754 ± 0.091 | 0.70 | 0.23 | 0.81 |
| Lumbar spine3 | 1.238 ± 0.148 | 1.258 ± 0.151 | 1.312 ± 0.251 | 1.321 ± 0.233 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.21 |
| Trochanter | 0.891 ± 0.159 | 0.888 ± 0.155 | 0.908 ± 0.150 | 0.905 ± 0.151 | 0.11 | 0.30 | 0.91 |
| Femoral neck | 0.965 ± 0.137 | 0.958 ± 0.143 | 0.980 ± 0.155 | 0.989 ± 0.154a | 0.10 | 0.82 | 0.04 |
| Total hip | 1.041 ± 0.152 | 1.033 ± 0.155 | 1.071 ± 0.163 | 1.070 ± 0.163 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.11 |
| Total body | 1.285 ± 0.094 | 1.272 ± 0.084 | 1.263 ± 0.114 | 1.283 ± 0.118a | 0.13 | 0.56 | 0.004 |
All values are means ± SDs. A mixed-model ANCOVA analysis was performed with time (0 and 6 mo) and group (WL or WM) as independent variables. The following covariates were included in the analysis: age, season, physical activity level, body weight, sex hormones (total testosterone, free testosterone, and estradiol), sex hormone binding globulin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Covariates tested in the model had no significant influence on bone variables at any site. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the WM and WL groups. Fat-free soft tissue and bone mineral content reflect total body measurements. aBaseline differed from final WM, P < 0.05. BMD, bone mineral density; WL, weight loss; WM, weight maintenance.
Radial BMD at one-third the distance from the distal end.
Lumbar spine BMD scans were analyzed according to International Society for Clinical Densitometry exclusion criteria (20).