. 2015 Jan 7;101(3):659–667. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088534

TABLE 2.

Trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density, geometry, and strength at the tibia¹

	WL (n = 19)		WM (n = 19)		P
	Baseline	Final	Baseline	Final	Group	Time	Group × time
Total
vBMD, mg/cm³	331.0 ± 45.2	333.2 ± 44.5	327.6 ± 44.9	329.0 ± 44.4	0.95	0.27	0.59
BMC, mg	407.6 ± 49.9	406.7 ± 51.43	406.4 ± 48.1	404.4 ± 47.9	0.06	0.89	0.98
Area, mm²	1266.4 ± 128.1	1258.4 ± 118.9	1267.2 ± 161.6	1257.8 ± 159.5	0.53	0.25	0.93
Trabecular
vBMD, mg/cm³	241.8 ± 28.4	242.5 ± 29.3	249.4 ± 36.4	249.9 ± 36.9	0.11	0.39	0.94
BMC, mg	135.5 ± 23.6	134.6 ± 23.9	141.0 ± 20.1	140.3 ± 20.6	0.06	0.22	0.72
Cortical
vBMD, mg/cm³	1149.9 ± 21.5	1148.6 ± 20.2	1145.2 ± 32.7	1149.3 ± 32.1	0.94	0.32	0.13
BMC, mg	414.4 ± 47.6	414.9 ± 50.6	377.5 ± 75.2	374.3 ± 75.8	0.26	0.20	0.12
Area, mm²	360.0 ± 38.2	360.9 ± 40.4	328.9 ± 60.8	324.2 ± 60.2	0.20	0.17	0.08
Thickness, mm	5.8 ± 0.6	5.9 ± 0.7	5.2 ± 1.3	5.1 ± 1.3	0.06	0.69	0.06
Periosteal, mm	80.2 ± 4.2	80.0 ± 4.2	81.2 ± 4.1	80.7 ± 4.3	0.20	0.01	0.60
Endosteal, mm	43.5 ± 5.6	43.0 ± 5.4	48.6 ± 10.6	48.4 ± 10.9	0.10	0.06	0.32
Polar moment of inertia, mm⁴	40,180 ± 8283	40,082 ± 8718	37,873 ± 6643	37,074 ± 6439	0.57	0.08	0.28
SSI, mm³	2214 ± 369	2209 ± 377	2169 ± 278	2138 ± 299	0.93	0.15	0.42

All values are means ± SDs. A mixed-model ANCOVA analysis was performed with time (0 and 6 mo) and group (WL or WM) as independent variables. The following covariates were included in the analysis: age, season, physical activity level, body weight, sex hormones (total testosterone, free testosterone, and estradiol), sex hormone binding globulin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Covariates tested in the model had no significant influence on bone variables at any site. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the WM and WL groups. BMC, bone mineral content, SSI; stress-strain index; vBMD, volumetric bone mineral density; WL, weight loss; WM, weight maintenance.