TABLE 3.
Sex steroid and bone regulating hormones1
| WL (n = 19) |
WM (n = 19) |
P |
|||||
| Baseline | Final | Baseline | Final | Group | Time | Group × time | |
| Total estradiol, pmol/L | 101.6 ± 30.4 | 99.0 ± 33.0 | 104.3 ± 21.0 | 122.5 ± 35.7a | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.03 |
| Free estradiol, pmol/L | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 2.4a | 0.08 | 0.48 | 0.006 |
| Bioavailable estradiol, pmol/L | 58.4 ± 40.8 | 42.2 ± 49.4 | 52.5 ± 26.8 | 73.7 ± 48.4a | 0.14 | 0.93 | 0.02 |
| Total testosterone, nmol/L | 11.2 ± 3.8 | 15.3 ± 5.5 | 11.7 ± 6.1 | 13.9 ± 4.2 | 0.31 | 0.005 | 0.13 |
| Free testosterone, pmol/L | 33.0 ± 10.7 | 33.8 ± 11.6 | 22.0 ± 9.3 | 25.7 ± 13.1 | 0.001 | 0.20 | 0.16 |
| Bioavailable testosterone, nmol/L | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 7.1 ± 6.2 | 5.7 ± 4.1 | 7.3 ± 6.4 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 60.1 ± 24.7 | 70.4 ± 39.1 | 54.8 ± 23.1 | 58.7 ± 20.4 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.32 |
| 25(OH)D, nmol/L | 57.5 ± 19.7 | 68.0 ± 24.2 | 57.9 ± 17.7 | 65.9 ± 17.8 | 0.94 | 0.005 | 0.70 |
| Intact PTH, ng/L | 36.4 ± 19.1 | 36.1 ± 19.2 | 46.5 ± 20.5 | 44.4 ± 25.4 | 0.66 | 0.58 | 0.67 |
1
All values are means ± SDs. A mixed-model ANCOVA analysis was performed with time (0 and 6 mo) and group (WL or WM) as independent variables. The following covariates were included in the analysis: age, season, physical activity level, and body weight. Covariates tested in the model had no significant influence on bone variables at any site. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the WM and WL groups aBaseline differed from final WM, P < 0.05. PTH, parathyroid hormone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; WL, weight loss; WM, weight maintenance; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.