Table 4.
Substrate Utilization during 24-h calorimetry of the RYGB (n=11) and control (n=5) groups
| Baseline | Post-baseline | Time effect within group |
Post-hoc test1 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 mo | 6 mo | 12 mo | ||||
| RQ | (p-value) | |||||
| RYGB | 0.85 ± 0.03* | 0.76 ± 0.02 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | ab, bc, bd |
| Control | 0.83 ± 0.02 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.84 ± 0.04 | 0.385 | |
| Protein utilization (g/d) | ||||||
| RYGB | 97 ± 43 | 34 ± 12 | 70 ± 20 | 77 ± 12 | <0.0001 | ab, bc, bd |
| Control | 101 ± 21 | 80 ± 23 | 70 ± 31 | 95 ± 28 | 0.208 | |
| Carbohydrate utilization (g/d) | ||||||
| RYGB | 331 ± 72 | 94 ± 46 | 169 ± 48 | 172 ± 54 | <0.0001 | ab, ac, ad |
| Control | 293 ± 94 | 222 ± 76 | 227 ± 144 | 282 ± 130 | 0.567 | |
| Fat utilization (g/d) | ||||||
| RYGB | 142 ± 40 | 197 ± 30 | 140 ± 35 | 131 ± 38 | 0.001 | ab, bc, bd, cd |
| Control | 149 ± 19 | 164 ± 44 | 174 ± 39 | 133 ± 33 | 0.352 | |
| Protein utilization (%EE) | ||||||
| RYGB | 14.2 ± 5.3 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 14.2 ± 4.6 | 16.0 ± 3.6 | <0.0001 | ab, bd |
| Control | 15.5 ± 3.2 | 13.2 ± 4.0 | 11.4 ± 5.0 | 15.5 ± 3.5 | 0.424 | |
| Carbohydrate utilization (%EE) | ||||||
| RYGB | 43.9 ± 9.9 | 16.3 ± 8.2 | 30.0 ± 8.7 | 31.3 ± 10.2 | <.0001 | ab, bc, bd |
| Control | 38.6 ± 6.5 | 32.5 ± 10.4 | 31.2 ± 17.1 | 39.8 ± 12.3 | 0.333 | |
| Fat utilization (%EE) | ||||||
| RYGB | 41.7 ± 9.0 | 76.8 ± 8.6 | 55.6 ± 10.9 | 52.5 ± 11.0 | <0.0001 | ab, bc, bd |
| Control | 45.7 ± 6.5 | 54.1 ± 12.2 | 57.1 ± 14.6 | 44.5 ± 11.8 | 0.375 | |
| NPRQ | ||||||
| RYGB | 0.85 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.02 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | <.0001 | ab, bc, bd |
| Control | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.84 ± 0.04 | 0.375 | |
| Carbohydrate utilization (%NPEE) | ||||||
| RYGB | 51.2 ± 10.9 | 17.5 ± 8.8 | 35.3 ± 11.4 | 37.4 ± 12.2 | <0.0001 | ab, bc, bd |
| Control | 45.7 ± 7.3 | 37.8 ± 13.1 | 34.9 ± 17.3 | 47.2 ± 14.1 | 0.466 | |
| Fat utilization (%NPEE) | ||||||
| RYGB | 48.8 ± 10.9 | 82.5 ± 8.8 | 64.7 ± 11.4 | 62.6 ± 12.2 | <0.0001 | ab, bc, bd |
| Control | 54.3 ± 7.3 | 62.2 ± 13.1 | 65.1 ± 17.3 | 52.8 ± 14.1 | 0.456 | |
*
Data are shown as mean ± SD. Models adjusted for age and sex; significant program by time interactions for all parameters (p=0.000–0.04)
1
Post-hoc estimation using Tukey-Kramer for multiple comparisons with p<0.05; letters refer to statistically significant differences between time points baseline (a),1.5 months (b), 6 months (c) and 12 months (d).
RQ, respiratory quotient; EE, energy expenditure; NPRQ, nonprotein RQ; NPEE, nonprotein EE.