Table 1.

Summary of intra- and intertester reliability studies for range of motion on both the affected and the non-affected shoulders using different measuring modalities

Authors	Study sample & Size (N)	Movement	Side measured affected/ non-affected	Measuring instrument	Point estimates or over time	Study type	ICC	Sw
Pandya et al. [19]	Muscular dystrophy N = 150	PROM: ABD	Affected	Goniometer	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.67	No
Riddle et al.[8]	Shoulder pain N = 100, two groups of 50 each	PROM: ABD	Affected	Goniometer	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.87	No
		PROM: ER					0.88
		PROM: IR					0.55
Croft et al. [21]	Shoulder complaints N = 6	PROM: EL	Affected	Protractor	Point estimates	Inter-tester	0.95	No
		PROM: ER	Affected				0.43
Green et al.[16]	Shoulder pain & stiffness N = 6	AROM: FLEX, ABD, ER, IR, HBB	Affected	Plurimeter	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.62–0.95	No
Sabari et al. [14]	Rehab.patients N = 11	AROM: FLEX, ABD	Mixed	Goniometer	Point estimates	Intra-tester	0.73–0.78	No
	Normal N = 19	PROM: FLEX, ABD					0.78–0.81
MacDermid et al. [9]	Shoulder pathology	PROM: ER	Affected	Goniometer	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.85 & 0.80	Yes
	N = 34
Hayes et al. [10]	Shoulder pathology	AROM: ABD	Affected	Goniometer, visual est., photography	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	ICC(Rho) 0.69	Yes
	N = 8
		AROM:ER	Affected	Goniometer			0.64
		AROM: HBB		Measuring tape			0.39
Hoving et al. [22]	Shoulder pain & stiffness N = 6	AROM: ABD	Affected	Plurimeter	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.51	No
		ER in neutral					0.29
		ER in abd					0.11
		IR in abd					0.06
		HBB					0.80
Awan et al. [23]	Normal (athletes) N = 56	ER without scapular stabilization	Unaffected, right & left side	Digital inclinometer	Point estimates	Inter-tester/ intra-tester	0.41–0.51	No
		IR standard technique					0.50–0.66
		IR with scap.stab.
		IR without scap. stab
de Winter et al. [17]	Shoulder complaints N = 155	PROM: ABD	Affected/ non-affected	Digital inclinometer	Point estimates	Inter-tester	0.83/0.28	No
		PROM: ER					0.90/0.56
Terwee et al. [20]	Shoulder complaints N = 201	PROM: ABD	Affected/ non-affected	Visual estimation	Point estimates	Inter-tester	0.67/0.15	Yes
		AROM: EL					0.88/0.76
		PROM: ER					0.73/0.34
Nadeau et al. [12]	Normal N = 30	AROM: ELEV, PROTR, RETRAC	Non-affected	Goniometer & tape measure	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.78–0.46	No
							0.75–0.32
Tveitå et al. [15]	Shoulder adhesive capsulitis N = 32	PROM: ABD	Affected/non-affected	Digital inclinometer	Point estimates	Intra-tester	0.72/0.89	Yes
		FLEX					0.76/0.61
		IR					0.81/0.88
		ER					0.91/0.86
Mullaney et al. [13]	Shoulder pain N = 20	AROM: FLEX	Affected/non-affected	Goniometer/ digital level	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.93/0.74, 0.92/0.79, 0.82/0.62	Yes
		ER
		IR
Kolber et al. [11]	Normal N = 30	AROM: ABD	Non-affected	Inclinometer	Point estimates	Inter-tester & intra-tester	0.95	Yes
		AROM: ER	Non-affected				0.88
		AROM: IR					0.93
De Jong et al. [24]	Hemiplegic shoulder N = 43	PROM: ABD	Affected	Hydro-goniometer	Over time 4, 8 & 20 weeks	Inter-tester	0.97	Yes
		PROM: ER	Affected				0.94

ABD = abduction, ER = external rotation, IR = internal rotation, HBB = hand behind back, EL = elevation, PROM = Passive range of motion, AROM = Active range of motion, Sw = standard error of measurement, scap. stab = scapular stabilization.

With few exceptions only the inter-tester ICC values are written in the table.