Table 2.
Sex and education-stratified observed and modelled ǂ (between parenthesis) differences in current smoking and ever smoking between successive and non-successive generations
| Differences between generations | 20-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 55-59 | 60-69 | 20-29 | 30-39 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vs | vs | vs | vs | vs | vs | vs | |
| 30-39 1 | 40-49 1 | 50-59 1 | 60-69 2 | 70-79 2 | 40-49 3 | 50-59 3 | |
| Difference (%) at age | 35 | 45 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 45 | 55 |
| Men overall | |||||||
| Current smoking | −5.6 (−3.8)4 | −5.0 (−3.0) | −3.8 (−4.3)* | −1.7 (+1.4) | −13.6 (−3.2) | −10.5 (−6.0) 4 * | −11.6 (−5.6)* |
| Ever smoking | −9.5 (−9.8)** | −2.5 (−2.6) | −1.5 (−1.4) | −1.0 (+0.1) | +1.0 (+2.3) | −15.3 (−11.0)** | −7.0 (−4.6)* |
| Men by education | |||||||
| Low | |||||||
| Current smoking | −0.3 (+1.5) | +0.6 (+3.2) | −11.2 (−10.3)** | −1.6 (+2.1) | −18.7 (−4.8) | +0.1 (+5.0) | −13.1 (−6.0) |
| Ever smoking | +4.5 (+1.7) | −3.5 (−2.4) | −0.4 (−0.9) | −8.8 (−6.9) | +3.2 (+3.6) | −2.4 (−0.1) | −7.0 (−3.7) |
| Middle | |||||||
| Current smoking | −5.1 (−4.1) | −5.3 (−4.0) | +1.7 (+0.6)b | +7.4 (+6.7)a | −1.6 (+2.0) | −9.2 (−7.4)* b | −7.1 (−1.7) |
| Ever smoking | −10.6 (−13.8)** b | +0.5 (−1.9) | −5.6 (−4.8) | +8.2 (+8.4)ab | +0.4 (+1.8) | −16.1 (−13.9)** b | −6.3 (−7.3) |
| High | |||||||
| Current smoking | −10.3 (−9.6)* c | −7.2 (−6.8)* c | +8.6 (+4.9)c | −14.2 (−7.6)a | −18.6 (−6.5)*a | −21.4 (−14.6)** c | −2.9 (+0.4) |
| Ever smoking | −24.3 (−21.3)** c | −0.4 (−1.1) | +3.4 (+3.5) | +1.2 (+1.9)a | +0.5 (+2.6)a | −26.3 (−21.2)** c | −3.9 (+1.5) |
| Women overall | |||||||
| Current smoking | −7.3 (−6.2)* | −2.8 (−1.9) | −0.2 (−0.1) | −2.9 (+0.6) | +0.9 (+4.4) | −11.8 (−6.6)* | −4.3 (+0.3) |
| Ever smoking | −10.1 (−10.9)** | +13.4 (+12.4)** | +21.9 (+20.6)** | +15.7 (+12.6)* | +15.1 (+16.7)** | −2.1 (+0.7) | +28.5 (+31.1)** |
| Women by education | |||||||
| Low | |||||||
| Current smoking | −2.2 (−0.4) | −3.7 (−1.4) | +1.6 (+2.4) | +1.6 (+5.4) | −0.9 (+2.9) | −6.7 (−0.8) | −2.2 (+3.4) |
| Ever smoking | −1.3 (−3.5) | +16.8 (+15.9)** | +20.7 (+22.7)** | +20.0 (+17.5)* | +12.3 (+16.3)** | +7.3 (+11.1)* | +36.5 (+36.1)** |
| Middle | |||||||
| Current smoking | −11.3 (−11.2)** b | +3.5 (+1.2) | −5.3 (−7.7)b | −15.6 (−11.2)* ab | +3.7 (+6.5) | −10.9 (−7.9)* | −8.4 (−4.7) |
| Ever smoking | −17.1 (−18.1)** | +11.9 (+9.9)* | +22.6 (+16.6)* | +7.4 (+2.7)a | +17.3 (+15.0)* | −8.5 (−9.1)* b | +24.5 (+24.3)** |
| High | |||||||
| Current smoking | −5.6 (−4.4) | −2.0 (−2.0) | +3.7 (+2.4) | +2.1 (+0.4)a | +6.5 (+9.3)a | −8.7 (−5.1) | +0.7 (+2.3) |
| Ever smoking | −12.2 (−11.8)* | +7.7 (+7.6) | +20.3 (+10.8) | −0.8 (−5.2)a | +23.6 (+22.9)a | −9.3 (−5.9)c | +17.5 (+16.5)* c |
1The oldest generation reached a mean age of 35, 45 or 55 years in 1987–1991 and the youngest generation in 1998–2002.
2The oldest generation reached a mean age of 65 or 75 years in 1992–1993 and the youngest generation in 2001–2002.
3The oldest generation reached a mean age of 45 or 55 years in 1987–1991 and the youngest generation in 2008–2012.
4A negative difference in current or ever smoking between two generations indicates that the younger generation smoked less often than the older one.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.
aComparison based on groups with less than 50 observations.
bDifference in smoking prevalence between generations differed significantly between the middle educated compared to the low educated (tested by interaction education*generation).
cDifference in smoking prevalence between generations differed significantly between high educated compared to low educated (tested by interaction education*generation).
ǂModel: For current smoking and ever smoking a logistic random effect model was fitted with generation, education, age, age*generation and education*generation.