FIGURE 1.

Rescue treatment with lithium chloride restores cellular shape in adriamycin-injured podocytes. A, time-lapse microscopy of differentiated and conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes following injury with adriamycin (ADR, 0.25 μg/ml) or vehicle. Lithium chloride (LiCl, 10 mm) or sodium chloride (NaCl, 10 mm) was added 8 h after ADR injury when cell shrinkage had occurred. Bar, 10 μm. B, morphometric quantification of cell sizes as relative to the original cell sizes at the 4th h (n = 30 cells per group). *, p < 0.05 versus sodium treatment at the same time point. C, podocytes were transfected to express GFP and then treated as stated in A. Representative micrographs of laser scanning confocal microscopy demonstrated the orthogonal views of podocytes at the 14th h following injury with adriamycin or vehicle. Bar, 10 μm. D, quantification of podocyte volume and height at the 14th h. *, p < 0.05 versus all other groups. ns, not significant.