Targeted depletion of Gr-MDSC remodels the stroma and increases tumor epithelial cell apoptosis. (A) Administration of 1A8 increases mononuclear cell infiltrates in autochthonous PDA (outlined) and patency of blood vessels (arrows), and depletes ECM content and integrity (asterisks). Representative fields are shown for histology (H&E), collagen content (Masson’s trichrome) and combined collagen and glycosaminoglycan content (Movat’s pentachrome). Scale bars, 50 µm. (B) CD31 immunofluorescence of PDA reveals a shift toward larger vessel diameters (arrows) after 1A8 treatment (quantified in (C)). Scale bars, 25 µm. (C) Administration of 1A8 significantly increases the mean vessel diameter in PDA. (D) Apoptosis of tumor epithelial cells, as assessed by cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), was significantly increased in 1A8-treated (n=4) compared to control (n=6) KPC mice, while the number of proliferating tumor epithelial cells (Ki67) was not significantly different. (E) CC3 and CK double-positive cells indicate tumor epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis (arrowheads). Scale bars, 25 µm.