Table 1.
Antiplasmodial activity, Cytotoxicity and selectivity of methanol (M) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of selected medicinal plants
| Sr No. | Name of the plants | Parts and Solvent of Extraction M-Methanol EA-Ethyl acetate | Yields (%) | P. falciparum IC 50 (μg/mL) | Cytotoxicity (TC 50 μg/mL) against HeLa cell line | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3D7 | INDO | |||||
| 1 | Aerva lanata | Whole aerial EA | 15.4 | 17 | 8 (0.47)* | 77 (9.63)# |
| 2 | Anisomeles malabarica | Leaf M | >100 | - | - | |
| Leaf EA | 16 | 16 (1) | 48 (3)# | |||
| 3 | Anogeissus latifolia | Bark EA | 12.5 | 8 | 4.5(0.56) | >100 (>22) |
| 4 | Cardiospermum halicacabum | Leaves EA | 10.2 | 42 | - | - |
| 5 | Cassia alata | Leaves EA | 14.1 | 18 | 20 (1.11) | 100 (5) |
| 6 | Couroupita guianensis | Leaves EA | 7.6 | 39 | - | - |
| 7 | Euphorbia hirta | Leaves EA | 9.6 | 21 | - | - |
| 8 | Gloriosa superba | Flower M | >100 | - | - | |
| Flower EA | 62 | - | - | |||
| 9 | Glycyrrhiza glabra | Root EA | 13.2 | 6 | 4.5 (0.75) | 22 (4.89) |
| 10 | Indigofera tinctoria | Leaves EA | 8.5 | 57 | - | - |
| 11 | Juglans regia | Seed M | 20 | 12.5 (0.625) | >100 (>8) | |
| Seed EA | >100 | - | - | |||
| 12 | Pergularia daemia | Leaves EA | 12.9 | 21 | - | - |
| 13 | Psidium guajava | Leaf M | 15 | 9 (0.6) | 68 (4.6) | |
| Leaf EA | 12.5 | 18 (1.4) | 82 (6.6) | |||
| 14 | Ricinus communis | Leaf M | 34 | - | - | |
| Leaf EA | 57.5 | - | - | |||
| Seed M | 30 | - | - | |||
| Seed EA | 100 | - | - | |||
| 15 | Solanum xanthocarpum | Whole aerial EA | 11.6 | 17 | 7 (0.41 ) | 75 (10.7) |
| 16 | Tinospora cordifolia | Leaves EA | 6.8 | 31 | - | - |
| 17 | Tridax procumbens | Leaf M | 62 | - | - | |
| Leaf EA | 32 | - | - | |||
| Chloroquine | 0.021 | 0.258 (12.28) | >200 | |||
| Artemisinin | 0.0045 | 0.0045 (1) | >200 | |||
(−) not tested, *values in parentheses represent resistance indices (IC50 INDO/IC50 3D7), #values in parentheses represent selectivity indices (TC50 HeLa/IC50INDO).