. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 25.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec 3;89(1):106–113. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26362

Table 1.

Demographic, anthropometric and fasting metabolic characteristics of study participants.

	LEAN subjects	OB-CON subjects	OB-DIAB subjects	ANOVA P value
Gender (M/F)	6/2	7/1	8/0	-
Age (years)	30 ± 5.8	39 ± 9.8	38.5 ± 8	0.06
Weight (kg)	70.3 ± 8.6	106 ± 14.8^†	120.6 ± 24.2^†	<0.0001
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	21.9 ± 2.2	34.5 ± 4.4^†	38.5 ± 6.5^†	<0.0001
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)^*	4.6 ± 0.2	4.9 ± 0.2^‡	6.2 ± 0.9^†^§	<0.0001
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L)^*	34 (25 – 47)	103 (74 – 144)^†	147 (82 – 266)^†	<0.0001
HOMA2-%S	160 (116 – 220)	53 (38 – 73)^†	42 (33 – 55)^†	<0.0001
HOMA2-%β	85 (68 – 105)	153 (118 – 198)^†	115 (79 – 167)	0.002
HbA1c (%)	Not done	5.2 ± 0.3	6.3 ± 0.5^∥	-
Fasting total GLP-1 (pmol/L)^*	14.4 ± 1.5	13.0 ± 2.0	9.4 ± 2.9^†^¶	0.006

Data are mean ± SD or geometric mean (1 SD range).

Average of baseline samples from glucose, glutamine and water study days.

^†

P<0.001 vs LEAN subjects (unpaired t-test).

^‡

P<0.01 vs LEAN subjects (unpaired t-test).

^§

P<0.01, vs OB-CON subjects (unpaired t-test).

^∥

P<0.001 vs OB-CON subjects (unpaired t-test).

^¶

P<0.05 vs OB-CON subjects (unpaired t-test).