Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| All subjects | Males | Females | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 3534 | 1701 | 1833 | |
| Age, years | 64.4 (59.6–67.2) | 64.3 (59.3–67.1) | 64.6 (60.0–67.3) | 0.055 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 (24.3–29.5) | 27.1 (25.0–29.3) | 26.4 (23.6–29.7) | <0.001 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.92 (0.86–0.97) | 0.96 (0.93–1.01) | 0.87 (0.82–0.91) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 140 (130–153) | 141 (130–154) | 140 (130–152) | 0.148 |
| DBP, mmHg | 81 (75–88) | 83 (77–90) | 80 (75–88) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2436 (68.9) | 1151 (67.7) | 1285 (70.1) | 0.118 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.50 (2.82–4.22) | 3.37 (2.75–4.03) | 3.64 (2.93–4.38) | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.20 (1.01–1.46) | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) | 1.32 (1.11–1.60) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.31 (0.94–1.90) | 1.38 (0.97–2.03) | 1.26 (0.91–1.78) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.5 (5–6.3) | 5.7 (5.2–6.6) | 5.3 (4.8–6.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 929 (26.3) | 533 (31.9) | 396 (21.9) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.86 (0.77–3.58) | 1.64 (0.67–3.24) | 2.09 (0.92–3.95) | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 512 (14.9) | 274 (16.6) | 238 (13.4) | 0.009 |
| Pack-years, % | 49.1/12.6/12.5/12.6/13.1 | 32.2/15.1/16.6/15.7/20.4 | 64.3/10.4/8.8/9.8/6.6 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 79.1 (68.5–90.7) | 88.6 (79.7–98.6) | 70.6 (63.0–79.3) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D, nmol/L | 48 (34–64) | 50 (37–65) | 47 (30.5–61) | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin, μg/mL | 10.6 (6.2–17.2) | 8.1 (4.8–12.1) | 14.0 (8.6–21.9) | <0.001 |
| IL-5, pg/mL | 0.43 (0.27–0.71) | 0.48 (0.30–0.77) | 0.39 (0.25–0.64) | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number of subjects in group (%).
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-5, Interleukin-5. Hypertension: diagnosis of hypertension and/or treatment with antihypertensive drugs; Diabetes: diagnosis of diabetes and/or treatment with insulin or other hypoglycemic drug, and/or fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L at the baseline examination.
a
P-values for comparisons between men and women were calculated by Mann–Whitney U test.