Table 4.
Multivariate analyses of factors associated with adherence, by sector
| Verified completed treatment 1 | Verified timely completion 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public health facilities (N = 572) 3 | ADDOs (N = 450) 4 | Public health facilities (N = 572) 3 | ADDOs (N = 450) 4 | |||||
| Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age 5 | ||||||||
| Under 3 years (ref) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 years to under 8 years | 1.32 (0.76, 2.28) | 0.3 | 0.69 (0.35, 1.36) | 0.3 | 1.03 (0.60, 1.78) | 0.9 | 0.51 (0.28, 0.93) | 0.029 |
| 8 years to under 12 years | 1.33 (0.49, 3.57) | 0.6 | 0.97 (0.43, 2.16) | 0.9 | 2.25 (0.74, 6.86) | 0.2 | 0.75 (0.31, 1.82) | 0.5 |
| 12 years and above | 1.19 (0.62, 2.31) | 0.6 | 0.94 (0.48, 1.84) | 0.9 | 1.06 (0.59, 1.93) | 0.8 | 0.69 (0.35, 1.38) | 0.3 |
| Patient (or caregiver if patient below age 12) completed primary school | 1.16 (0.70, 1.91) | 0.6 | 1.56 (1.00, 2.43) | 0.050 | 0.88 (0.55, 1.40) | 0.6 | 0.94 (0.54, 1.63) | 0.8 |
| Socio-economic status 6 | ||||||||
| 1st quintile (most poor, ref) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2nd quintile | 0.97 (0.60, 1.57) | 0.9 | 0.82 (0.38, 1.81) | 0.6 | 0.93 (0.52, 1.64) | 0.8 | 1.19 (0.62, 2.26) | 0.6 |
| 3rd quintile | 1.04 (0.54, 1.98) | 0.9 | 1.48 (0.72, 3.03) | 0.3 | 0.70 (0.37, 1.34) | 0.3 | 2.84 (1.15, 7.05) | 0.024 |
| 4th quintile | 2.20 (1.09, 4.47) | 0.038 | 1.75 (0.87, 3.51) | 0.1 | 1.25 (0.64, 2.44) | 0.5 | 1.82 (0.61, 5.45) | 0.3 |
| 5th quintile (least poor) | 2.19 (0.81, 5.93) | 0.2 | 1.99 (0.71, 5.54) | 0.2 | 2.21 (1.01, 4.82) | 0.046 | 2.47 (0.93, 6.55) | 0.070 |
| Slept under a bed net the night before the interview | 1.60 (1.10, 2.34) | 0.015 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.62) | 0.9 | 1.23 (0.77, 1.96) | 0.4 | 0.79 (0.50, 1.27) | 0.3 |
| Sought care within two days of fever onset | 1.01 (0.60, 1.72) | 0.9 | 1.16 (0.63, 2.13) | 0.6 | 1.61 (0.99, 2.61) | 0.056 | 1.11 (0.59, 2.09) | 0.8 |
| Fever symptoms | 3.38 (1.21, 9.47) | 0.020 | 1.18 (0.56, 2.47) | 0.7 | 1.65 (0.64, 4.25) | 0.3 | 0.86 (0.47, 1.58) | 0.6 |
| Distance from home to outlet within 2.5 km7 | 1.67 (1.05, 2.65) | 0.031 | 0.76 (0.48, 1.20) | 0.2 | 1.14 (0.68, 1.91) | 0.6 | 1.09 (0.65, 1.82) | 0.8 |
| Time of day drug was obtained | ||||||||
| Morning (ref) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Afternoon | 1.11 (0.62, 2.01) | 0.7 | 1.12 (0.52, 2.38) | 0.8 | 0.55 (0.31, 0.97) | 0.038 | 1.04 (0.57, 1.88) | 0.9 |
| Evening | 0.81 (0.22, 3.04) | 0.7 | 0.95 (0.44, 2.05) | 0.9 | 0.10 (0.02, 47.6) | 0.004 | 0.69 (0.31, 1.53) | 0.4 |
| Time between obtaining AL and interview (hours) | ||||||||
| 60-67 (ref) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 68-72 | 2.37 (0.87, 6.51) | 0.093 | 2.80 (1.35, 5.82) | 0.006 | 1.47 (0.44, 4.95) | 0.5 | 1.55 (0.71, 3.36) | 0.3 |
| 73-84 | 3.64 (1.31, 10.08) | 0.013 | 2.73 (1.12, 6.63) | 0.027 | 2.03 (0.56, 7.29) | 0.3 | 2.94 (1.20, 7.20) | 0.018 |
| 85 or more | 5.59 (1.66, 18.79) | 0.005 | 5.94 (2.70, 13.06) | <0.001 | 2.72 (0.75, 9.84) | 0.1 | 2.09 (0.85, 5.13) | 0.1 |
| Tested for malaria at outlet | 1.30 (0.82, 2.04) | 0.3 | 0.39 (0.17, 0.85) | 0.018 | 1.47 (0.96, 2.26) | 0.078 | 0.48 (0.24, 0.97) | 0.041 |
| Took first dose of AL at outlet | 1.05 (0.71, 1.55) | 0.8 | 1.34 (0.60, 3.01) | 0.5 | 2.11 (1.46, 3.04) | <0.001 | 1.33 (0.57, 3.13) | 0.5 |
| Recalled correct instructions given by dispenser on the number of pills per dose, number of doses, and number of days to take AL | 4.04 (2.59, 6.31) | <0.001 | 2.98 (2.03, 4.37) | <0.001 | 6.09 (3.71, 10.02) | <0.001 | 2.51 (1.41, 4.45) | 0.002 |
| Recalled that dispenser used packaging as a visual aid to explain how to take AL | 1.33 (0.75, 2.36) | 0.3 | 1.28 (0.62, 2.66) | 0.5 | 1.85 (1.09, 3.11) | 0.022 | 1.40 (0.73, 2.67) | 0.3 |
| Reported being told to take the second dose of AL eight hours after the first dose | 1.15 (0.74, 1.79) | 0.5 | 1.28 (0.87, 1.89) | 0.2 | 0.85 (0.52, 1.38) | 0.5 | 1.77 (1.12, 2.80) | 0.015 |
| Reported being told to complete all doses of AL even if feeling better | 0.96 (0.54, 1.71) | 0.9 | 1.02 (0.61, 1.70) | 0.9 | 0.44 (0.28, 0.70) | 0.001 | 1.05 (0.73, 1.50) | 0.8 |
1Patient completed all doses, verified by pill count when available. Data missing for 2 public health facility patients and 3 ADDO patients.
2Patient completed each dose at correct time with the correct number of pills per dose, verified by pill count when available. Data missing for 13 public health facility patients and 10 ADDO patients.
3Standard errors adjusted for 37 clusters.
4Standard errors adjusted for 40 clusters.
5Age categories based on recommended age breakdown for AL blister packs in Tanzania.
6Wealth quintiles pooled for public health facilities and ADDOs using principal component analysis of sampled patients based on standard Demographic and Health Survey variables.
7Based on GPS coordinates. Data missing from 30 public health facility patients and 52 ADDO patients.