Figure 2. Early Colonization, Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells in the Colon and Disease.
(Left) Colonization of germ free (GF) mice during the newborn period (GF/n) is sufficient to program the immune system to prevent iNKT cell accumulation in the colon. When GF mice are colonized as adults (GF/a), their immune system persists with the same phenotype as a GF mouse.
(Right) GF mice and GF/a mice are susceptible to ulcerative colitis. GF/n mice are protected from colitis by colonization in infancy.
Reproduced with permission from Olszak et al. Science 2012;336:489–493.