Table 1.

SAPHO anterior chest wall staging [26]

I. Costoclavicular ligament, may be a primary enthesopathy

II. Extension to sternoclavicular joint with sclerosis of the medial clavicle, first rib, and adjacent sternum, and sclerotic hypertrophy of costal cartilage

III. Osteosclerosis, hyperostosis, and bony hypertrophy of the medial ends of the clavicles, sternum, and upper ribs, with arthritis in the adjacent joints