Table 1. Demographic and clinical data of the study participants.

Characteristic	AD N (20)	PD N (20)	Control N (20)	p-value
Age, (Y)	72.5 ± 7.68	73 ± 8.07	66.1 ± 7.79	-
Male sex-no (%)	40	45	25	-
Smoker (%)	15	10	15	-
Ex-smoker (%)	5	20	5	-
MMSE	18.15 ± 5.4	22.45 ± 5.46	28.7 ± 1.11	≤ 0.05
CDR-SOB	6.25 ± 2.67	2.6 ± 2.94	0.23 ± 0.25	≤ 0.05
H-Y	NA	2.31 ± 0.58	NA

Values are represented as mean ± SD. MMSE scores range from 0 (severe impairment) to 30 (no impairment). A score of higher than 27 was considered normal. CDR-SOB scores range from 0 (cognitive normality) to 18 (maximal cognitive impairment). Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scores range from stage 1 (mild) to stage 5 (maximal disabling). The p-value that evaluates statistical significance between these variables was computed using the one-way ANOVA.