Table 2.
Behavioral characteristics of men who have sex with men in three urban areas, Mozambique, 2011
| Variables | Maputo (N = 496) | Beira (N = 583) | Nampula/Nacala (N = 353) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n a | Adjusted % | (95 % CI) | n a | Adjusted % | (95 % CI) | n a | Adjusted % | (95 % CI) | |
| Ever had anal sex with a man | |||||||||
| Yes, in the last 12 months | 461 | 90.7 | (86.6–94.5) | 577 | 98.9 | (98.0–99.7) | 331 | 94.3 | (91.7–97.8) |
| Yes, not in the last 12 months | 4 | 1.3 | (0.2–2.9) | 1 | 0.1 | (0.0–0.5) | 2 | 0.7 | (0.0–1.1) |
| Never | 31 | 8.0 | (4.4–12.1) | 5 | 0.9 | (0.2–1.9) | 17 | 5.0 | (2.0–7.8) |
| Age of first anal sex with a man | |||||||||
| Never | 31 | 7.4 | (3.8–11.1) | 5 | 0.9 | (0.1–1.9) | 17 | 4.7 | (1.9–7.6) |
| <15 | 30 | 5.2 | (2.9–7.7) | 75 | 11.1 | (8.0–14.5) | 17 | 5.7 | (2.5–10.0) |
| 15–17 | 125 | 19.4 | (15.5–24.0) | 152 | 27.3 | (22.1–32.7) | 73 | 17.9 | (13.3–23.0) |
| 18–20 | 175 | 41.5 | (35.4–48.0) | 215 | 39.3 | (33.8–44.6) | 153 | 46.7 | (39.0–53.8) |
| ≧21 | 134 | 26.5 | (20.8–32.8) | 132 | 21.4 | (16.7–26.7) | 90 | 25.1 | (18.9–32.6) |
| Total number of male sexual partners (anal sex) in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| Never had anal sex with a man | 31 | 7.7 | (4.1–11.6) | 5 | 0.9 | (0.1–1.8) | 17 | 4.3 | (1.7–7.5) |
| 0 | 4 | 1.2 | (0.1–2.7) | 1 | 0.2 | (0.0–0.5) | 2 | 0.5 | (0.0–1.1) |
| 1 | 249 | 56.2 | (50.5–62.2) | 301 | 55.0 | (49.5–60.6) | 187 | 62.7 | (56.3–68.6) |
| 2 | 134 | 23.8 | (19.0–28.5) | 162 | 28.6 | (23.7–33.6) | 102 | 23.1 | (19.1–28.9) |
| ≧3 | 78 | 11.1 | (8.0–14.6) | 114 | 15.3 | (11.6–19.3) | 42 | 9.3 | (5.8–12.8) |
| Offered money, items or services in exchange for anal sex with a man in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| No anal sex w/a man in the last 12 months | 35 | 9.4 | (5.5–13.7) | 6 | 1.1 | (0.3–2.0) | 19 | 5.2 | (2.2–8.5) |
| Yes | 40 | 6.7 | (4.3–9.5) | 95 | 14.0 | (10.9–17.4) | 56 | 14.6 | (9.5–19.3) |
| No | 421 | 83.9 | (79.2–88.3) | 481 | 84.9 | (81.4–88.2) | 275 | 80.2 | (75.2–86.2) |
| Received money, items or offered services in exchange for anal sex with a man in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| No anal sex w/a man in the last 12 months | 35 | 9.5 | (5.6–13.8) | 6 | 1.0 | (0.3–2.1) | 19 | 5.0 | (2.1–8.5) |
| Yes | 225 | 47.7 | (41.2–54.4) | 155 | 26.5 | (21.6–31.6) | 147 | 39.2 | (32.2–45.9) |
| No | 235 | 42.8 | (36.3–49.4) | 422 | 72.5 | (67.3–77.4) | 184 | 55.7 | (49.0–63.1) |
| Used a condom at last anal sex with a man in the 12 months preceding the surveyb | |||||||||
| Yes | 350 | 76.0 | (70.5–81.1) | 471 | 80.3 | (75.8–84.7) | 200 | 61.9 | (54.3–68.9) |
| No | 108 | 24.0 | (18.9–29.5) | 104 | 19.7 | (15.3–24.2) | 128 | 38.1 | (31.1–45.7) |
| Total number of female sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| Never had sex with a woman | 80 | 11.4 | (8.0–15.9) | 169 | 31.8 | (25.6–38.1) | 73 | 15.9 | (10.5–22.1) |
| 0 | 84 | 12.5 | (8.8–16.2) | 134 | 24.8 | (19.6–30.0) | 69 | 18.5 | (13.2–24.3) |
| 1 | 107 | 22.3 | (17.5–27.2) | 140 | 24.7 | (20.0–29.8) | 106 | 29.2 | (22.9–35.3) |
| 2 | 121 | 31.5 | (25.6–37.7) | 51 | 9.4 | (5.9–13.1) | 58 | 19.3 | (14.0–25.3) |
| ≧3 | 104 | 22.2 | (17.5–27.2) | 62 | 9.4 | (6.4–13.0) | 44 | 17.1 | (11.9–22.8) |
| Offered money, items or services in exchange for sex (vaginal or anal) with a woman in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| No sex w/a woman in the last 12 months | 164 | 25 | (19.2–30.2) | 303 | 56.7 | (49.7–63.4) | 142 | 34.7 | (28.0–42.6) |
| Yes | 85 | 19 | (14.2–24.1) | 54 | 9.2 | (5.9–12.6) | 73 | 23.9 | (17.9–29.7) |
| No | 247 | 57 | (50.1–63.0) | 199 | 34.1 | (28.5–40.2) | 135 | 41.4 | (33.7-48.7) |
| Received money, items or offered services in exchange for sex (vaginal or anal) with a woman in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| No sex w/a woman in the last 12 months | 164 | 24.4 | (19.2–30.1) | 303 | 56.6 | (49.7–63.3) | 142 | 35.4 | (28.9–43.6) |
| Yes | 53 | 10.7 | (7.7–14.3) | 25 | 4.6 | (2.4–7.2) | 37 | 10.5 | (6.9–14.7) |
| No | 279 | 64.8 | (58.9–70.2) | 227 | 38.7 | (32.7–45.2) | 171 | 54.2 | (46.1–60.5) |
| Used a condom at last vaginal or anal sex with a woman in the 12 months preceding the surveyb | |||||||||
| Yes | 223 | 66.6 | (60.6–73.7) | 166 | 67.7 | (58.5–75.4) | 100 | 49.7 | (41.4–59.0) |
| No | 102 | 33.4 | (26.3–39.4) | 69 | 32.3 | (24.6–41.5) | 99 | 50.3 | (41.0–58.6) |
| Was diagnosed or had STI symptoms in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| Yes | 54 | 10.4 | (6.9–14.2) | 89 | 14.4 | (11.0–17.9) | 45 | 12.7 | (7.6–18.0) |
| No | 442 | 89.6 | (85.8–93.1) | 494 | 85.6 | (82.1–89.0) | 305 | 87.3 | (82.0–92.4) |
| Had contact with a peer educator in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| Yes | 215 | 40.9 | (34.8–47.1) | 145 | 24.3 | (19.7–29.6) | 176 | 43.8 | (37.1–51.0) |
| No | 279 | 59.1 | (52.9–65.3) | 436 | 75.7 | (70.5–80.3) | 174 | 56.2 | (49.0–62.9) |
| Drank alcohol in the last 12 months | |||||||||
| Yes | 386 | 78.2 | (72.5–83.1) | 376 | 61.8 | (56.2–67.6) | 219 | 59.4 | (51.6–66.8) |
| No | 109 | 21.8 | (16.9–27.5) | 204 | 38.2 | (32.4–43.8) | 131 | 40.6 | (33.2–48.4) |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption ≧6 drinks/glasses on one single occasionc | |||||||||
| Never drinks ≧6 | 100 | 28.6 | (22.5–36.0) | 73 | 26.3 | (20.3–33.5) | 81 | 44.4 | (36.1–53.8) |
| Once a month or less | 108 | 32.3 | (25.1–39.6) | 67 | 19.8 | (14.4–24.8) | 37 | 15.9 | (10.1–21.4) |
| 2–4 times a month | 119 | 32.2 | (24.6–40.0) | 162 | 38.2 | (32.8–44.6) | 28 | 11.4 | (6.7–17.6) |
| 2–3 times a week | 18 | 5.5 | (2.7–9.3) | 57 | 12.1 | (8.3–15.7) | 54 | 22.2 | (14.3–29.7) |
| 4 times or more a week | 5 | 1.4 | (0.1–2.2) | 11 | 1.3 | (0.4–2.4) | 19 | 6.1 | (3.1–9.7) |
| Consumed alcohol in a manner indicative of probable abuse and/or alcohol dependency (AUDIT-C) | |||||||||
| Yes | 257 | 43.7 | (36.7–51.5) | 289 | 43.8 | (37.3–49.1) | 140 | 32.3 | (25.0–39.1) |
| No | 198 | 56.3 | (48.5–63.3) | 277 | 56.2 | (50.9–62.7) | 210 | 67.7 | (60.9–75.0) |
| Used drugs in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| Yes | 78 | 15.0 | (11.0–19.2) | 33 | 4.7 | (2.7–6.9) | 28 | 5.5 | (2.7–8.3) |
| No | 418 | 85.0 | (80.8–89.0) | 550 | 95.3 | (93.1–97.3) | 322 | 94.5 | (91.7–97.3) |
| Type of drug used in the 12 months preceding the survey | |||||||||
| Cannabis | 61 | 11.8 | (8.2–15.7) | 29 | 4.3 | (2.4–6.6) | 21 | 4.0 | (1.6–6.7) |
| Other | 15 | 3.1 | (1.2–5.2) | 3 | 0.3 | (0.0–0.7) | 7 | 1.6 | (0.4–3.0) |
| Never used drugs | 418 | 85.1 | (80.8–89.2) | 550 | 95.4 | (93.1–97.4) | 322 | 94.4 | (91.4–97.2) |
aCategories do not always add up to totals due to missing data
bIncludes only MSM who had anal sex with a man in the last 12 months
cIncludes only MSM who drank alcohol in the last 12 months