Table 3.
Association between risk factors and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in three urban areas, Mozambique, 2011
| Maputo | Beira | Nampula/Nacala | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude n/N | Adjusted % | (95 % CI) | Crude n/N | Adjusted % | (95 % CI) | Crude n/N | Adjusted % | (95 % CI) | ||
| Age groups | ||||||||||
| 18–24a | 14/344 | 2.4 | (1.0–4.6) | 15/454 | 2.8 | (1.3–4.7) | 7/292 | 2.7 | (0.6–5.7) | |
| ≥25 | 36/103 | 33.8 | (19.4–47.4)b | 38/127 | 32.1 | (19.4–43.7)b | 4/59 | 10.3 | (0.0–26.3)c | |
| Primary language spoken at home | ||||||||||
| Portuguesea | 32/353 | 5.6 | (2.6–9.2) | 28/343 | 7.2 | (3.9–11.1) | 8/246 | 3.5 | (0.4–8.8) | |
| Other | 18/94 | 15.1 | (6.4–27.0)b | 25/238 | 11.6 | (6.0–17.7) | 3/102 | 2.5 | (0.0–5.8) | |
| Religion | ||||||||||
| Christiana | 44/368 | 8.1 | (4.6–12.6) | 37/478 | 8.7 | (5.1–12.4) | 6/158 | 3.2 | (0.6–6.6) | |
| Muslim | 4/31 | 4.2 | (0.0–11.6) | 7/44 | 14.2 | (4.4–27.0) | 4/183 | 3.0 | (0.0–10.3) | |
| Other/none | 2/48 | 7.0 | (0.0–21.5) | 9/59 | 8.0 | (2.9–14.5) | NSd | – | – | |
| Level of education | ||||||||||
| None or primarya | 17/67 | 16.9 | (6.3–30.8) | 15/57 | 27.0 | (9.7–40.9) | 2/108 | 1.2 | (0.0–3.5) | |
| Secondary and above | 33/380 | 5.7 | (2.6–9.4)b | 38/524 | 7.2 | (4.6–10.2)b | 9/240 | 4.5 | (1.1–9.7) | |
| Marital status w/a woman | ||||||||||
| Never marrieda | 32/386 | 6.4 | (3.0–9.8) | 33/516 | 5.9 | (3.5–8.8) | 7/289 | 3.6 | (0.6–7.1) | |
| Married or living conjugally | 13/29 | 30.5 | (9.6–55.3)b | 13/42 | 38.0 | (12.6–58.8)b | 1/28 | 2.0 | (0.0–9.1) | |
| Widowed, divorced or separated | 5/31 | 17.0 | (0.0–36.2) | 7/23 | 20.4 | (4.6–39.0)b | 3/31 | 6.3 | (0.0–26.5) | |
| Condom use at last anal sex with a man in the 12 months preceding the survey | ||||||||||
| Yesa | 25/312 | 4.4 | (1.4–7.4) | 42/469 | 8.6 | (5.2–12.2) | 7/198 | 4.8 | (0.8–9.8) | |
| No | 19/99 | 17.4 | (8.8–28.4)b | 11/104 | 9.7 | (3.4–17.0) | 3/128 | 3.0 | (0.0–9.6) | |
| Condom use at last sex (vaginal or anal) with a woman in the 12 months preceding the survey | ||||||||||
| Yesa | 13/203 | 5.8 | (1.7–10.5) | 13/165 | 7.1 | (2.1–14.7) | 3/98 | 2.7 | (0.0–6.6) | |
| No | 17/97 | 13.7 | (6.2–23.7)b | 10/69 | 20.8 | (5.2–38.9)b | 1/99 | 0 | (0.0–0.0) | |
| Had contact with a peer educator in the 12 months preceding the survey | ||||||||||
| Yes | 15/194 | 3.7 | (1.3–6.7) | 16/143 | 16.7 | (8.2–26.0) | 6/174 | 3.4 | (0.0–9.4) | |
| No | 35/251 | 11.1 | (6.2–17.3)b | 37/436 | 6.6 | (3.9–9.6)b | 5/174 | 3.3 | (0.4–7.7) | |
| Gave money, an item or a service in exchange for sex (vaginal or anal) with a woman in the 12 months preceding the survey | ||||||||||
| Yes | 8/81 | 9.3 | (2.2–18.9) | 10/54 | 18.7 | (6.4–34.7) | 4/72 | 3.6 | (0.0–9.6) | |
| vNoa | 23/226 | 8.4 | (3.9–14.0) | 14/198 | 9.9 | (3.5–17.2) | NSd | – | – | |
| Received money, an item or a service in exchange for anal sex with a man in the 12 months preceding the survey | ||||||||||
| Yes | 22/198 | 9.6 | (4.1–17.2) | 21/155 | 13.2 | (6.9–20.0) | 5/147 | 7.8 | (1.3–16.2) | |
| No | 23/215 | 6.7 | (2.8–11.8) | 32/420 | 7.4 | (3.9–11.3) | 5/182 | 1.7 | (0.0–3.0)c | |
| Had an STI symptom or diagnosis in the 12 months preceding the survey | ||||||||||
| Yesa | 15/53 | 22.2 | (8.7–41.4) | 16/87 | 15.3 | (7.6–24.4) | 3/45 | 10.4 | (0.0–28.3) | |
| No | 35/394 | 6.4 | (3.3–10.3)b | 37/494 | 7.9 | (4.5–11.6)c | 8/303 | 2.6 | (0.5–6.2) | |
NS Not shown due to N < 20
aLogistic regression reference category
bLogistic regression Wald test p value: < 0.05
cLogistic regression Wald test p value: 0.05 ≤ p≤0.1