Figure 4. Detection of H₂O₂, O₂⁻ and HO· in plasma and chemical exposed cancer and normal cells.

(a, b) H₂O₂ level in cells detected with an Amplex Red fluorescent H₂O₂ probe in plasma and H₂O₂ chemical systems (c, d) O₂⁻ detection in plasma and chemical systems [xanthine/xanthine oxidase] in cancer and normal cells with a DHE fluorescent probe (1 mM), and (e, f) HO· radical detection using HPF (10 μM) in plasma and CPA [CuSO₄, phenanthroline, and ascorbic acid] chemical systems by an ELISA plate reader. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Student's t-test was performed to control, whereas in (a), (c) and (e) plasma plus scavenger-treated group was compared to only plasma-treated group (* p < 0.05, § p < 0.01, # p < 0.001).