Table 3.

Summary of influenza surveillance in tropical Africa

Country	Date started	Sites	ILI/SARI	Able to measure burden of disease	Data Published	Submitted to WHO FluID/FluNet
West Africa
Cote d'Ivoire	2008	16 ILI sites, 8 SARI sites	Both	X	√	√
Senegal	1996	6 hospitals in the capital city, 24 sentinel sites in different regions	ILI	X	√	√
Mauritania	2010	1 ILI site, 1 SARI site	Both	X	---	---
Ghana	2007	15 ILI sites, 3 SARI sites	Both	X	X	√
Togo	2009	1 ILI site, 1 SARI site	Both	X	X	√
Mali	2009	4 sentinel sites in different parts of the capital city	Both	X	X	√
Burkina Faso	2009	1 ILI site, 1 SARI site	Both	X	X	√
Sierra Leone	2011	4 sentinel sites in different parts of the capital city	Both	X	X	√
Niger	2009	12 ILI sites, 12 SARI sites	Both	X	---	---
Nigeria	2008	4 ILI sites and 4 SARI sites scattered across 4 of the 6 geopolitical zones	Both	X	X	√
Middle Africa
Cameroon	2010	37 clinics, hospitals, and infirmaries in 3 regions of the country	ILI	X	X	√
DR Congo	---	5 sites in Kinshasa, 2 sites in Bas Congo	Both	X	X	√
Angola	2003	2 SARI sites, 2 ILI sites	Both	X	X	√
East Africa
Ethiopia	2008	2 regional hospitals for SARI, 3 primary healthcare centers for ILI	Both	X	X	√
Kenya	2006	11 SARI sites, 27 ILI sites	Both	X	X	√
Rwanda	2008	6 SARI sites, 6 ILI sites	Both	X	X	√
Tanzania	2009	6 SARI sites, 6 ILI sites	Both	X	X	√
Uganda	2007	13 sentinel sites in the 4 regions of the country	Both	X	X	√
Southern Africa
Madagascar	2007	ILI: 34 clinical sites, 9 sites for biological surveillance; SARI: 17 clinical sites, 2 sites for biological surveillance	Both	√	√	√
Zambia	2008	2 out-patient clinics for ILI, 2 hospitals for SARI	Both	X	X	√

X = no √ = yes