Table 2.
Flavonoids and coumarins in Artemisia annua at each developmental stage. (μg g−1 FW)
| Compound | Vegetative stage | Reproductive stage | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolting | Budding | Full flowering | Post flowering | |||||||
| ShAM | VL | ShAM | BL | Buds | BuL | Flowers | FL | Flowers | PFL | |
| Total flavonoids (AlCl3 assay) | 1514.7 a | 388.6 w | 978.3 c | 537.0 xz | 351.8 b | 567.7 xy | 290.4 b | 627.6 x | 394.9 b | 429.9 wyz |
| Artemetin | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Casticin | 2.7a | nd | nd | nd | 1.0a | 2.9x | nd | 5.1x | nd | nd |
| Chrysoplenetin | 77.5a | 20.9x | 6.1b | 19.6x | 12.4c | 22.3x | 11.9c | 41.7xy | 9.2c | 43.9y |
| Chrysoplenol-D | 175.9a | 52.8x | 15.2bd | 39.1xy | 31.3c | 50.3x | 35.7c | 79.2xz | 24.1cd | 82.4xz |
| Eupatorin | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Kaempferol | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Luteolin | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Myrcetin | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Quercetin | nd | nd | 6.9a | nd | 0.1a | 1.2x | nd | nd | nd | 0.6x |
| Sum as % of total flavonoids | 17 | 19 | 3 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 20 | 8 | 30 |
ShAM, shoot apical meristem region; VL, mature vegetative leaves (1st four leaves located 15 cm below apex in all cases); BL, mature leaves during bolting stage; Buds, unopened floral buds from top 15 cm of plant; BuL, mature leaves during floral budding stage; Flowers, flowers from top 15 cm of plant; FL, mature leaves during full flower; PFL, mature leaves 2 weeks post flowering; nd, not detectable; letters a,b,c,d,e indicate statistical significance among shoot apical meristems and reproductive structures; letters x,y,z indicate statistical significance among mature leaves.