Table 3.

Predictors of transmitted drug resistance (any class)

	No. participants	No. (%) with TDR	Unadjusted OR	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)	p-value
	1869	188 (10.1)
Age					0.62
18–29	463	49 (10.6)	1.23	1.18 (0.78, 1.80)
30–39	617	54 (8.8)	1.00	1.00
40–49	553	58 (10.5)	1.22	1.20 (0.80, 1.79)
≥50	236	27 (11.4)	1.35	1.39 (0.83, 2.32)
Gender					0.29
Male	1699	168 (9.9)	1.00	1.00
Female	170	20 (11.8)	1.22	1.48 (0.72, 3.07)
Race					0.24
White	1352	131 (9.7)	1.00	1.00
Black	255	28 (11.0)	1.15	0.86 (0.50, 1.48)
Hispanic	123	15 (12.2)	1.29	0.92 (0.49, 1.73)
Asian	100	11 (11.0)	1.15	2.78 (0.98, 7.89)
Other	39	3 (7.7)	0.78	1.04 (0.30, 3.56)
HIV mode					0.43
MSM	1440	148 (10.3)	1.00	1.00
Heterosexual	292	30 (10.3)	1.00	0.79 (0.43, 1.47)
IDU	43	2 (4.7)	0.43	0.40 (0.08, 1.91)
Other/unknown	94	8 (8.5)	0.81	0.75 (0.35, 1.63)
CD4 count (cells/μL)					0.64
500–599	609	59 (9.7)	1.00	1.00
600–699	623	67 (10.8)	1.12	1.15 (0.78, 1.68)
≥700	637	62 (9.7)	1.01	0.97 (0.66, 1.44)
HIV RNA (copies/mL)					0.75
0–399	50	5 (10.0)	1.00	1.19 (0.45, 3.17)
400–9,999	643	71 (11.0)	1.11	1.09 (0.77, 1.53)
10,000–99,999	936	94 (10.0)	1.00	1.00
≥100,000	235	17 (7.2)	0.70	0.80 (0.46, 1.39)
anti-HCV					0.34
No	1708	179 (10.5)	1.00	1.00
Yes	102	7 (6.9)	0.63	0.66 (0.28, 1.57)
Year of resistance test†					0.29
2000–2007	127	16 (12.6)	1.25	1.33 (0.73, 2.45)
2008	126	17 (13.5)	1.35	1.25 (0.70, 2.21)
2009	248	21 (8.5)	0.80	0.81 (0.48, 1.36)
2010	452	39 (8.6)	0.82	0.75 (0.50, 1.12)
2011–2013	916	95 (10.4)	1.00	1.00
Interval HIV-resistance test‡					0.08
<1 year	1381	129 (9.3)	1.00	1.00
≥1 year	488	59 (12.1)	1.33	1.38 (0.97, 1.95)

Analysis based on data from Europe, United States, Australia and Asia.

^*Adjusted for all other variables listed and for region (United States, Asia, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, France, Belgium, Greece, Other European)

^†Year of the most recent resistance test

^‡Time between diagnosis of HIV and most recent resistance test

MSM=men who have sex with men; IDU=injecting drug use; HCV=hepatitis C.