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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 26.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Brain Res. 2014;209:73–89. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63274-6.00005-9

FIGURE 4. Ibotenic acid (IA) injection into the preBötC of an awake goat results in tachypnea and irregular breathing.

FIGURE 4

Shown for an awake goat are inspiratory flow (Flow) and raw diaphragm, (DIA) and abdominal (ABD) muscle activities (A) before, (B) 1h after, and (C) 3 h after 1 µl (upper panel) and 10 µl (bottom panel) IA injections into the preBötC. The time bar shown at the bottom applies to all traces. Note that both injections initially increased breathing frequency, but eventually both injections caused a highly irregular breathing. Note also the regular but reduced flow before the 10 µl injection indicating that the goat had recovered from the previous injections, which had chronically reduced breathing frequency.