Table 2.
Mean (SD), range, and reliability of each measurement.
| Range possible |
M (SD) | Reliability | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese writing composition | 5–20 | 12.09 (3.04) | — |
| English writing composition | 5–20 | 10.60 (2.97) | — |
| Chinese character recognition (age 5) | 0–211 | 52.78 (26.94) | .96 |
| Chinese character recognition (age 6) | 0–150 | 35.33 (28.75) | .99 |
| Chinese character recognition (age 7) | 0–150 | 84.07 (27.78) | .98 |
| Chinese character recognition (age 8) | 0–150 | 101.90 (22.45) | .98 |
| Chinese character recognition (age 9) | 0–150 | 118.53 (18.00) | .97 |
| Chinese word dictation (age 6) | 0–40 | 16.45 (7.20) | .92 |
| Chinese word dictation (age 7) | 0–50 | 30.68 (10.13) | .92 |
| Chinese word dictation (age 8) | 0–96 | 51.46 (16.70) | .96 |
| Chinese vocabulary definitions (age 5) | 0–92 | 14.08 (6.17) | .81 |
| Chinese vocabulary definitions (age 6) | 0–104 | 21.69 (8.63) | .85 |
| Chinese vocabulary definitions (age 7) | 0–104 | 36.66 (12.03) | .86 |
| Chinese vocabulary definitions (age 8) | 0–104 | 40.04 (14.98) | .91 |
| Chinese vocabulary definitions (age 9) | 0–104 | 47.12 (16.68) | .93 |
| Morphological awareness (age 5) | 0–20 | 8.75 (4.21) | .82 |
| Morphological awareness (age 6) | 0–27 | 14.61 (5.00) | .87 |
| Morphological awareness (age 7) | 0–27 | 20.17 (4.77) | .94 |
| Morphological awareness (age 8) | 0–27 | 22.42 (3.76) | .93 |
| Morphological awareness (age 9) | 0–42 | 28.15 (5.25) | .83 |
| Phonological awareness (age 5) | 0–23 | 11.91 (4.85) | .90 |
| Phonological awareness (age 6) | 0–51 | 26.58 (7.83) | .93 |
| Phonological awareness (age 7) | 0–51 | 32.59 (9.58) | .95 |
| Phonological awareness (age 8) | 0–51 | 36.44 (9.82) | .93 |
| English word reading (age 5) | 0–30 | 10.20 (7.81) | .94 |
| English word reading (age 6) | 0–40 | 4.67 (8.39) | .97 |
| English word reading (age 7) | 0–40 | 18.42 (11.71) | .97 |
| English word reading (age 8) | 0–40 | 25.78 (10.78) | .96 |
| English word reading (age 9) | 0–60 | 33.97 (14.03) | .97 |
| PPVT (age 5) | 0–204 | 21.37 (12.03) | .94 |
| PPVT (age 6) | 0–204 | 29.93 (15.17) | .95 |
| PPVT (age 7) | 0–204 | 39.93 (16.25) | .95 |
| PPVT (age 8) | 0–204 | 108.00 (48.41) | .94 |
| PPVT (age 9) | 0–204 | 125.00 (47.43) | .98 |
| Rapid number naming (age 5) | — | 19.05 (5.78) | .87 |
| Rapid number naming (age 6) | — | 14.13 (4.11) | .85 |
| Rapid number naming (age 7) | — | 12.03 (3.62) | .83 |
| Rapid number naming (age 8) | — | 10.12 (3.09) | .87 |
| Processing speed (age 5) | — | 246.99 (32.58) | — |
| Processing speed (age 6) | — | 246.65 (21.10) | — |
| Processing speed (age 7) | — | 250.32 (28.14) | — |
| Chinese handwriting fluency (age 9) | >0 | 15.62 (3.80) | — |
| English handwriting fluency (age 9) | >0 | 19.22 (5.16) | — |