Table 5.

Means, standard deviations, errors per hundred words, and t-test results for all variables.

Error type	Error	US (N = 90)	HK (N = 147)	t(235)	Reliability
Grammar error	Tense	.17 (.68)	1.20 (2.94)	−4.02***	.69
	Pronoun	.19 (.51)	.71 (2.1)	−2.85**	.84
	SV-agreement	.09 (.30)	1.20 (2.28)	−5.80***	.85
	PI-Sg-agreement	.04 (.24)	1.24 (3.03)	−4.78***	.73
	Verb-be	.10 (.38)	.72 (2.16)	−3.38***	.73
	Punctuation	.96 (2.06)	1.39 (3.59)	−1.18	.86
	Capitalize	.50 (1.51)	.40 (1.59)	.46	.73
	Morphology	.01 (.07)	.40 (1.60)	−4.12***	.61
Spelling error	Phonological	2.18 (3.83)	1.57 (3.02)	1.37	.87
	Orthographic	1.58 (2.27)	2.16 (3.81)	−1.29	.72

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p <.001