Table 4.

Adjusted^* Associations Between Mentoring Covariates and Career Satisfaction Among K08 and K23 Award^† Recipients, 2010–2011

Covariate	Estimate	Adjusted P value
Mentor gender		0.73
Male	0.15
Female	—
Mentee–mentor gender match		0.53
Concordant	—
Discordant	−0.26
Number of designated K award mentors		0.90
1	—
2+	−0.05
Collegial mentor–mentee relationship		<.001
Mostly or somewhat more collegial	—
Mostly and somewhat more student–teacher or neither	−1.72
Frequency of communication between mentor–mentee		0.03
At least once a week	—
Less than once a week	−0.85
Monthly hours meeting one-on-one with mentors (1-unit increase in square-root of hour)‡	0.90	<.001
Mentor behavior scale (1-unit increase)	0.29	<.001
Mentor prestige scale (1-unit increase)	0.38	<.001
Extent of mentoring in various mentoring roles scale (1-unit increase)	0.37	<.001

^*Adjusted for the recipient (mentee) characteristics of gender, race (white, Asian, or underrepresented in medicine minority), degree (MD, MD/PhD, or non-MD), marital status (single, married, or divorced/widowed), parental status (yes or no), and specialty(women/children/family specialties, hospital based, surgical, medical, non-MD, basic sciences); for whether the recipient’s work was laboratory based (lab based or other); for whether the recipient spoke English as a native language (yes or no); and for the K award type (K08 or K23), year of K award (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009), and institutional NIH funding tier (first, second, third, or fourth).

^†K08 and K23 awards are National Institutes of Health career development awards that provide the recipient with salary support, structured mentoring, and protected research and training time.

^‡Total hours was highly skewed toward higher values, and the square-root transformation was applied to normalize the distribution.