Table 2. Clinical trials and published cases reporting use of CAM as cancer treatment in haematologic malignancies other than multiple myeloma and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.
| Year | Cancer type | CAM combined with | Number of patients | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Rectal MALT lymphoma | Omeprazole, amoxicillin | 1 | Regression confirmed pathologically | [125] |
| 1999 | Low grade rectal MALT lymphoma | Lansoprazole, amoxicillin | 1 (H pylorinegative) | Complete regression | [62] |
| 1999 | Gastric MALT lymphoma | Either with amoxicillin or with tetracycline | 34 (28 H pyloripositive) |
H pylori-positive patients: 50% CR 29% PR 36% no response H pylori-negative patients: 100% no response |
[126] |
| 2000 | Low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma | Omeprazole, amoxicillin | 7 | 100% complete histologic regression | [127] |
| 2001 | Low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma | Omeprazole, metronidazole | 97 | 79% CR 9% PR 11% no response |
[128] |
| 2001 | High grade B-cell gastric lymphoma | Omeprazole, metronidazole | 8 | 87% CR 13% PR |
[56] |
| 2001 | High grade gastric MALT lymphomas | Amoxicillin, omeprazole | 16 | 62% CR | [53] |
| 2001 | Primary high grade gastric DLBCL | Amoxicillin, lansoprazole | 1 | no evidence of lymphoma on histology | [55] |
| 2001 | Low grade gastric MALT lymphoma (stage IE and IIE) | Amoxicillin, lansoprazole | 44 (34 H pylori-positive patients) | 43% complete histological regression (56% within H pylori-positive patients) | [51] |
| 2001 | Gastric DLBCL | Amoxicillin, omeprazole | 1 | Regression | [58] |
| 2003 | Gastric DLBCL | Lansoprazole, metronidazole | 1 | CR still ongoing after 5.5 years | [57] |
| 2003 | Hodgkin’s Disease of the nodular sclerotic type, stage IIb | Ciprofloxacin | 1 | Almost complete disappearance of the pulmonary lesions after three months. Treatment continued for another five months. More than two years later: complete remission |
[61] |
| 2003 | Low-grade Thyroid MALT lymphoma | Lansoprazole, amoxicillin | 1 | Complete disappearance of lymphoma after gastric cancer with H pyloriinfection treated by H pylorieradication therapy | [63] |
| 2004 | Gastric marginal zone B cell lymphoma of MALT (stage I) | Omeprazole and metronidazole or amoxicillin | 95 (90 evaluable) | 62% CRM 18% minimal residual disease 12% PR 4% no change 2% PD |
[50] |
| 2005 | Early-stage, gastric low-grade transformed MALT lymphoma Early-stage, gastric high-grade transformed MALT lymphoma |
Amoxicillin, omeprazole Amoxicillin, omeprazole |
34 (30 patients with eradicated H pylori) 24 (22 patients with eradicated H pylori) |
80% CR in patients where H pyloriwas eradicated 64% CR in patients where H pyloriwas eradicated |
[54] |
| 2006 | Duodenal MALT lymphoma | No other drugs | 1 | CR | [64] |
| 2008 | B-cell gastric lymphoma (high grade) | Omeprazole and amoxicillin | 1 61 |
Complete response 69% complete response |
[52] |
| 2010 | Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) (relapsed/ refractory) (stage IE and IV) | No other drugs | 13 | 15% CR 23% PR 31% SD 31% PD |
[65] |
| 2010 | Pulmonary MALT lymphoma | No other drugs | 2 | regression | [66] |
| 2011 | Follicular B-cell lymphoma | No other drugs | 1 | Regression of lymphadenopathy Decrease in soluble IL-2 receptor | [68] |
| 2012 | Advanced CML | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | 4 | - 25% Complete haematologic response -100% of patients had Bcr-abl/abl transcript level reduction |
[27] |
| 2012 | H pylori positive gastric DLBCLs (de novo and MALT) stage IE/IIE1 | Amoxicillin, omeprazole |
De novo DLBCL: -chemo: 30 - antibiotics: 16 DLBCL (MALT): 34 |
De novo DLBCL - 69% pCR DLBCL (MALT): - 56% pCR |
[59] |
| 2012 | H pylori positive gastric DLBCL (de novoand MALT) | Tinidazole, metronidazole, omeprazole | 16 DLBCL of which: -De novo: 11 - MALT: 5 |
50% CR 19% PR 31% PD |
[60] |
| 2012 | DLBCL (stage IV) | Prednisolone | 1 | CR after six months | [69] |
| 2013 | Follicular B-cell lymphoma | Prednisolone, cyclophosphamide | 1 | Improvement of the para-aortic lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and ureteral dilatation and decrease in soluble IL-2 receptor after four months which improved further after eight months | [70] |
| 2014 | NHL | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP) | 60 (55 evaluable) randomised in CVP and CVP+CAM | CVP versus CVP+CAM CR: 19% versus 32% (p = 0.04) ORR: 70% versus 93% (p = 0.04) 2-year PFS: 46% versus 75% (p = 0.02) 2-year OS: 85% versus 90% (p = 0.64) |
[67] |
Abbreviations: MALT = mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; CML = chronic myeloid leukaemia; DLBCL = diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; NHL = non-Hodgkin lymphoma; CR = complete response; pCR = complete pathologic remission; PR = partial response; OR = objective response; SD = Stable disease; PD = progressive disease; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival, IL-2 = interleukin-2.