Table 1. Effects of muscarine on XIIn motor output and on preBötC inspiratory neurons.

	Control	50 μM Muscarine	Percent Control, %	n	P Value
XIIn motor output
Respiratory frequency, min−1	5.7 ± 2.1	8.1 ± 1.4	150.3 ± 33.5	7	0.0052
Inspiratory duration, ms	596.6 ± 166.9	1259.6 ± 685.4	209.5 ± 90.1	7	0.029
Inspiratory amplitude, μV	123.4 ± 42.8	167.9 ± 68.1	134.0 ± 31.6	7	0.015
PreBötC neurons
Phasic inward current duration, ms	726.0 ± 194.4	1181.8 ± 430.4	166.6 ± 59.9	6	0.029
Phasic inward current amplitude, pA	67.9 ± 31.6	41.9 ± 24.4	60.6 ± 14.0	6	0.012
No. of action potentials per inspiration	14.7 ± 7.7	18.4 ± 8.7	130.9 ± 20.4	5	0.024
No. of action potentials per current pulse	15.8 ± 3.7	15.9 ± 10.3	101.8 ± 17.8	5	0.95

XIIn indicates hypoglossal nerve root. Numbers are means ± SD. n is number of cells [for preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) inspiratory neurons] or number of slices (for XIIn motor output). Respiratory frequency was averaged for 3 min both for control condition and during bath application muscarine for each cell. For all other measurements (except the number of action potentials/current pulse), we averaged 5–8 respiratory periods both for control and during muscarine for each cell. P values were from paired t-tests taking the measurements during muscarine vs. control of the same cell or same slice (for motor output measurements) as pairs. The phasic inward currents were measured under voltage clamp at −60 mV. The number of action potentials per current pulse was measured under current clamp keeping the membrane potential near −60 mV and applying 40 pA, 200 ms square pulses.