Table 1. Baseline characteristics in Korean elderly (n = 6166).
| Men (n = 2636) | Women (n = 3530) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 66.3 (7.3) | 66.9 (8.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <16 | 27 (1.0) | 32 (0.9) |
| 16–18.4 | 217 (8.2) | 282 (8.0) | |
| 18.5–20.9 | 854 (32.4) | 855 (24.2) | |
| 21–22.9 | 773 (29.3) | 883 (25.0) | |
| 23–24.9 | 488 (18.5) | 714 (20.2) | |
| 25–27.4 | 204 (7.7) | 491 (13.9) | |
| ≥27.5 | 73 (2.8) | 273 (7.7) | |
| Hypertension a | No | 1,057 (40.1) | 1,451 (41.1) |
| Yes a | 1,579 (59.9) | 2,079 (58.9) | |
| Smoking | Never | 490 (18.6) | 2,656 (75.2) |
| Past smoker | 187 (7.1) | 78 (2.2) | |
| Current smoker | 1,959 (74.3) | 796 (22.6) | |
| Alcohol intake | None | 950 (36.0) | 3,177 (90.0) |
| Moderate b | 653 (24.8) | 298 (8.4) | |
| Heavy b | 1,033 (39.2) | 55 (1.6) | |
| Fruit and | Sufficient c | 87 (3.3) | 126 (3.6) |
| vegetable intake | Moderate c | 413 (15.7) | 498 (14.1) |
| Insufficient | 2,136 (81.0) | 2,906 (82.3) | |
| Known chronic | No | 1,454 (55.2) | 1,769 (50.1) |
| disease | Yes | 1,182 (44.8) | 1,761 (49.9) |
| Health insurance | Medicaid | 146 (5.5) | 272 (7.7) |
| NHI | 2,490 (94.5) | 3,258 (92.3) | |
| Occupation | Agriculture | 2,255 (85.6) | 2,838 (80.4) |
| Non-agriculture | 381 (14.5) | 692 (19.6) | |
| Education level | Ever d | 1,576 (59.8) | 682 (19.3) |
| Never | 1,060 (40.2) | 2,848 (80.7) |
BMI, body mass index; NHI, National Health Insurance; SD, standard deviation.
a Hypertension defined as taking hypertension medication regularly or systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.
b Moderate drinking defined as ≤7 drinks/week in women and ≤14 drinks/week in men. Heavy drinking defined as >7 drinks/week in women and >14 drinks/week in men.
c Sufficient intake defined as everyday intake of all components of 1 fruit and 2 vegetable categories; moderate intake defined as nearly-everyday or everyday intake of 1 fruit and at least 1 of 2 vegetable components
d Including elementary/middle/high school, village school (seodang), university and college