Table 8.
Targets of hsa-miR-181a-5p with experimental evidence based on miRTarBase 4.0
| Gene symbol | Accession | Full name | Alias | Function | Cancer gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACOT12 | NM_130767 | Acyl-CoA thioesterase 12 | CACH-1, Cach, STARD15, THEAL | Hydrolyzes acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA | |
| AFTPH | NM_001002243 | Aftiphilin | Nbla10388 | May play a role in membrane trafficking | |
| AKAP12 | NM_005100 | A kinase anchor protein 12 | AKAP250, SSeCKS | Anchoring protein that mediates the subcellular compartmentation of PKA and PKC | |
| AMMECR1 | NM_001025580 | Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia and elliptocytosis chromosomal region gene 1 | RP13-360B22.1, AMMERC1 | ||
| ANKRD1 | NM_014391 | Ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiac muscle) | ALRP, C-193, CARP, CVARP, MCARP, bA320F15.2 | Plays an important role in endothelial cell activation | |
| ANKRD13C | NM_030816 | Ankyrin repeat domain 13C | RP4-677H15.5, dJ677H15.3 | ||
| AP1M1 | NM_001130524 | Adaptor-related protein complex 1, mu 1 subunit | AP47, CLAPM2, CLTNM, MU-1A | Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 1 that plays a role in protein sorting in the trans-Golgi network and endosomes | |
| ARF6 | NM_001663 | ADP-ribosylation factor 6 | Involved in protein trafficking | ||
| ARHGAP12 | NM_001270695 | Rho GTPase activating protein 12 | GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state | ||
| ARL6IP6 | NM_022989 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 6 | RP23-265N10.1, 2310057C01Rik, 2610529A11Rik, Aip-6 | May be involved in protein transport, membrane trafficking, or cell signaling during hematopoietic maturation | |
| ATF7IP2 | NM_001256160 | Activating transcription factor 7 interacting protein 2 | MCAF2 | Recruiter that couples transcriptional factors to general transcription apparatus and thereby modulates transcription regulation and chromatin formation | |
| ATG10 | NM_001131028 | Autophagy related 10 | PP12616, APG10, APG10L, pp12616 | Plays a role in autophagy | |
| ATM | NM_000051 | ATM serine/threonine kinase | AT1, ATA, ATC, ATD, ATDC, ATE, TEL1, TELO1 | Serine/threonine protein kinase | Yes |
| ATP6V0E1 | NM_003945 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 9 kDa, V0 subunit e1 | ATP6H, ATP6V0E, M9.2, Vma21, Vma21p | Vacuolar ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells | |
| ATP8A1 | NM_001105529 | ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter (APLT), class I, type 8A, member 1 | ATPASEII, ATPIA, ATPP2 | May play a role in the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids | |
| BAG2 | NM_004282 | BCL2-associated athanogene 2 | RP3-496N17.2, BAG-2, dJ417I1.2 | Inhibits the chaperone activity of HSP70/HSC70 by promoting substrate release | |
| BCL2 | NM_000633 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 | Bcl-2, PPP1R50 | Suppresses apoptosis | Yes |
| BCL2L11 | NM_001204106 | BCL2-like 11 | BAM, BIM, BOD | Induces apoptosis | |
| BDNF | NM_001143805 | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | ANON2, BULN2 | Promotes the survival of neuronal populations | |
| BPGM | NM_001293085 | 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase | DPGM | Plays a major role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity | |
| BRCA1 | NM_007294 | Breast cancer 1, early onset | BRCAI, BRCC1, BROVCA1, IRIS, PNCA4, PPP1R53, PSCP, RNF53 | Plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular response to DNA repair | |
| BRMS1L | NM_032352 | Breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1-like | BRMS1 | Involved in the HDAC1-dependent transcriptional repression activity | |
| BTBD3 | NM_001282550 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 3 | RP4-742J24.3, dJ742J24.1 | Acts as a key regulator of dendritic field orientation during development of sensory cortex | |
| C1orf109 | NM_017850 | Chromosome 1 open reading frame 109 | |||
| C1QTNF9 | NM_183175 | C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9 | 9130217G22Rik, CTRP9, Ciqtnf9 | Activates AMPK, AKT, and p44/42 MAPK signaling pathways | |
| C8A | NM_000562 | Complement component 8, α polypeptide | C8 is a constituent of the membrane attack complex | ||
| CCDC6 | NM_005436 | Coiled-coil domain containing 6 | D10S170, H4, PTC, TPC, TST1 | A tumor suppressor | Yes |
| CCNG1 | NM_004060 | Cyclin G1 | CCNG | May play a role in growth regulation | |
| CD46 | NM_002389 | CD46 molecule, complement regulatory protein | AHUS2, MCP, MIC10, TLX, TRA2.10 | Acts as a cofactor for complement factor I | |
| CDKN1B | NM_004064 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) | CDKN4, KIP1, MEN1B, MEN4, P27KIP1 | Important regulator of cell cycle progression | |
| CDX2 | NM_001265 | Caudal type homeobox 2 | CDX-3, CDX3 | Involved in the transcriptional regulation of multiple genes expressed in the intestinal epithelium | Yes |
| CFI | NM_000204 | Complement factor I | AHUS3, ARMD13, C3BINA, C3b-INA, FI, IF, KAF | Responsible for cleaving the α-chains of C4b and C3b in the presence of the cofactors C4-binding protein and factor H, respectively | |
| CHL1 | NM_001253387 | Cell adhesion molecule L1-like | CALL, L1CAM2 | Plays a role in nervous system development and in synaptic plasticity | |
| CHRFAM7A | NM_139320 | CHRNA7 (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, α 7, exons 5–10) and FAM7A (family with sequence similarity 7A, exons A-E) fusion | CHRNA7, CHRNA7-DR1, D-10 | Extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity | |
| CLUAP1 | NM_015041 | Clusterin associated protein 1 | CFAP22, FAP22 | May play a role in cell proliferation or apoptosis | |
| COL27A1 | NM_032888 | Collagen, type XXVII, α 1 | RP11-82I1.1 | Plays a role during the calcification of cartilage and the transition of cartilage to bone | |
| COPS2 | NM_001143887 | COP9 signalosome subunit 2 | ALIEN, CSN2, SGN2, TRIP15 | Involved in various cellular and developmental processes | |
| CST5 | NM_001900 | Cystatin D | Cysteine proteinase inhibitor | ||
| DCST1 | NM_001143687 | DC-STAMP domain containing 1 | RP11-307C12.10-003 | Protein and zinc ion binding | |
| DDIT4 | NM_019058 | DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 | RP11-442H21.1, Dig2, REDD-1, REDD1 | Inhibits cell growth by regulating the frap1 pathway upstream of the tsc1-tsc2 complex and downstream of Akt1 | |
| DDX27 | NM_017895 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 27 | HSPC259, DRS1, Drs1p, PP3241, RHLP, dJ686N3.1 | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase | |
| DDX3X | NM_001193416 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 3, X-linked | DBX, DDX14, DDX3, HLP2 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase | |
| DNAJC7 | NM_001144766 | DnaJ (HSP40) homolog, subfamily C, member 7 | DJ11, DJC7, TPR2, TTC2 | Acts as co-chaperone regulating the molecular chaperones HSP70 and HSP90 in folding of steroid receptors | |
| DSCR8 | NM_032589 | Down syndrome critical region gene 8 | C21orf65, CT25.1a, CT25.1b, MMA-1, MMA-1a, MMA-1b, MMA1, MTAG2 | ||
| DUSP5 | NM_004419 | Dual specificity phosphatase 5 | DUSP, HVH3 | Displays phosphatase activity toward several substrates | |
| DUSP6 | NM_001946 | Dual specificity phosphatase 6 | HH19, MKP3, PYST1 | Inactivates MAP kinases | |
| ENAH | NM_001008493 | Enabled homolog | RP11-496N12.7, ENA, MENA, NDPP1 | Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity | |
| EPHA5 | NM_001281765 | EPH receptor A5 | CEK7, EHK-1, EHK1, EK7, HEK7, TYRO4 | Receptor for members of the ephrin-A family | |
| ESR1 | NM_000125 | Estrogen receptor 1 | RP1-130E4.1, ER, ESR, ESRA, ESTRR, Era, NR3A1 | Nuclear hormone receptor | |
| EYA4 | NM_001301012 | EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 4 | RP11-704J17.4, CMD1J, DFNA10 | Tyrosine phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates ‘Tyr-142’ of histone H2AX (H2AXY142ph) | |
| FAM160A2 | NM_001098794 | Family with sequence similarity 160, member A2 | C11orf56 | ||
| FAM222B | NM_001077498 | Family with sequence similarity 222, member B | C17orf63 | ||
| FAM47B | NM_152631 | Family with sequence similarity 47, member B | RP13-520K9.1 | ||
| FAT1 | NM_005245 | FAT atypical cadherin 1 | CDHF7, CDHR8, FAT, ME5, hFat1 | Could function as a cell-adhesion protein | |
| FBXO11 | NM_001190274 | F-box protein 11 | UG063H01, FBX11, PRMT9, UBR6, VIT1 | Substrate recognition component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex | Yes |
| FBXO28 | NM_001136115 | F-box protein 28 | CENP-30, Fbx28 | Probably recognizes and binds to some phosphorylated proteins and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation | |
| FBXO33 | NM_203301 | F-box protein 33 | BMND12, Fbx33, c14_5247 | Substrate recognition component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins | |
| FBXO34 | NM_017943 | F-box protein 34 | CGI-301, Fbx34 | Substrate recognition component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins | |
| FKBP10 | NM_021939 | FK506 binding protein 10 | PSEC0056, FKBP65, OI11, OI6, PPIASE, hFKBP65 | PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins during protein synthesis | |
| FKBP7 | NM_001135212 | FK506 binding protein 7 | UNQ670/PRO1304, FKBP23, PPIase | PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins during protein synthesis | |
| FOS | NM_005252 | FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog | AP-1, C-FOS, p55 | Nuclear phosphoprotein, which forms a tight but noncovalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor | |
| FRA10AC1 | NM_145246 | Fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(10)(q23.3) or fra(10)(q24.2) candidate 1 | PRO2972, C10orf4, F26C11.1-like, FRA10A | ||
| FSIP1 | NM_152597 | Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 | HSD10 | ||
| FXYD6 | NM_001164831 | FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6 | UNQ521/PRO1056 | ||
| GADD45G | NM_006705 | Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, γ | RP11-260L6.1, CR6, DDIT2, GADD45 γ, GRP17 | Involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis | |
| GANAB | NM_001278192 | Glucosidase, α; neutral AB | G2AN, GLUII | Cleaves sequentially the 2 innermost α-1,3-linked glucose residues from the Glc(2) Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor of immature glycoproteins | |
| GATA6 | NM_005257 | GATA binding protein 6 | Regulates terminal differentiation and/or proliferation | ||
| GATAD2B | NM_020699 | GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B | RP11-216N14.6, MRD18, P66β, p68 | Has transcriptional repressor activity | |
| GCNT1 | NM_001097633 | Glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 | RP11-214N16.1, C2GNT, C2GNT-L, C2GNT1, G6NT, NACGT2, NAGCT2 | Forms critical branches in O-glycans | |
| GIGYF1 | NM_022574 | GRB10 interacting GYF protein 1 | PP3360, GYF1, PERQ1 | May act cooperatively with GRB10 to regulate tyrosine kinase receptor signaling | |
| GNAI3 | NM_006496 | G protein, α inhibiting activity polypeptide 3 | RP5-1160K1.2, 87U6, ARCND1 | G proteins are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems | |
| GPR137B | NM_003272 | G protein-coupled receptor 137B | RP5-985L19.1, TM7SF1 | ||
| GPR78 | NM_080819 | G protein-coupled receptor 78 | UNQ5925/PRO19818 | Orphan receptor | |
| GPR83 | NM_016540 | G protein-coupled receptor 83 | GIR, GPR72 | Orphan receptor. Could be a neuropeptide y receptor | |
| GPRIN3 | NM_198281 | GPRIN family member 3 | GRIN3 | May be involved in neurite outgrowth | |
| GSTM2 | NM_000848 | Glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (muscle) | GST4, GSTM-2, GTHMUS, GSTM2 | Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles | |
| H1F0 | NM_005318 | H1 histone family, member 0 | H10, H1FV | Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher order structures | |
| H2AFY | NM_001040158 | H2A histone family, member Y | H2A.y, H2A/y, H2AF12M, H2AFJ, MACROH2A1.1, mH2A1, macroH2A1.2 | Plays a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability | |
| H3F3B | NM_005324 | H3 histone, family 3B | H3.3B | Plays a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability | Yes |
| HDAC6 | NM_006044 | Histone deacetylase 6 | JM21, CPBHM, HD6, PPP1R90 | Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) | |
| HERC3 | NM_001271602 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase | ||
| HEY2 | NM_012259 | Hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2 | RP1-293L8.3, CHF1, GRIDLOCK, GRL, HERP1, HESR2, HRT2, bHLHb32 | Downstream effector of Notch signaling, which may be required for cardiovascular development | |
| HIPK2 | NM_001113239 | Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 | PRO0593 | Protein kinase acting as a corepressor of several transcription factors | |
| HMGB2 | NM_001130688 | High mobility group box 2 | HMG2 | Binds preferentially ssDNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA | |
| HNRNPAB | NM_004499 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B | ABBP1, HNRPAB | Binds single-stranded RNA | |
| HOOK3 | NM_032410 | Hook microtubule-tethering protein 3 | HK3 | Probable cytoskeletal linker protein, involved in tethering the G olgi complex to the cytoskeleton | Yes |
| HOXA11 | NM_005523 | Homeobox A11 | HOX1, HOX1I | Sequence-specific transcription factor | Yes |
| HRAS | NM_001130442 | Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog | C-BAS/HAS, C-H-RAS, C-HA-RAS1, CTLO, H-RASIDX, HAMSV1, RASH1, p21ras, HRAS | Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity | Yes |
| HSD17B3 | NM_000197 | Hydroxysteroid (17-β) dehydrogenase 3 | RP11-240L7.3, EDH17B3, SDR12C2 | Favors the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone | |
| HSPA13 | NM_006948 | Heat shock protein 70 kDa family, member 13 | STCH | Has peptide-independent ATPase activity | |
| HUWE1 | NM_031407 | HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing 1 | RP3-339A18.4, ARF-BP1, HECTH9, HSPC272, Ib772, LASU1, MULE, URE-B1, UREB1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase mediating ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins | |
| IDS | NM_000202 | Iduronate 2-sulfatase | MPS2, SIDS | Required for the lysosomal degradation of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate | |
| INCENP | NM_001040694 | Inner centromere protein antigens | Component of the chromosomal passenger complex, a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis | ||
| IQCG | NM_001134435 | IQ motif containing G | CFAP122, DRC9 | ||
| KAT2B | NM_003884 | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B | CAF, P/CAF, PCAF | Functions as a HAT to promote transcriptional activation | |
| KBTBD3 | NM_152433 | Kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 3 | BKLHD3 | ||
| KCTD2 | NM_015353 | Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 2 | |||
| KCTD3 | NM_016121 | Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 3 | RP11-5F19.1, NY-REN-45 | ||
| KIAA0100 | NM_014680 | KIAA0100 | BCOX, BCOX1, CT101 | ||
| KIAA0101 | NM_001029989 | KIAA0101 | L5, NS5ATP9, OEATC, OEATC-1, OEATC1, PAF, PAF15, p15(PAF), p15/PAF, p15PAF | May be involved in protection of cells from UV-induced cell death | |
| KIAA1462 | NM_020848 | KIAA1462 | JCAD | ||
| KLF6 | NM_001160124 | Kruppel-like factor 6 | RP11-184A2.1, BCD1, CBA1, COPEB, CPBP, GBF, PAC1, ST12, ZF9 | Plays a role in B-cell growth and development | |
| KLHL15 | NM_030624 | Kelch-like family, member 15 | HEL-S-305 | Probable substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins | |
| KLHL42 | NM_020782 | Kelch-like family, member 42 | Ctb9, KLHDC5 | Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for mitotic progression and cytokinesis | |
| KLRC4 | NM_013431 | Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 4 | NKG2-F, NKG2F | May play a role as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells | |
| KRAS | NM_004985 | Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog | C-K-RAS, CFC2, K-RAS2A, K-RAS2B, K-RAS4A, K-RAS4B, KI-RAS1, KRAS2, NS, NS3, RASK2, KRAS | Binds GDP/GTP and possesses intrinsic GTPase activity | Yes |
| LAMA3 | NM_000227 | Laminin, α 3 | BM600, E170, LAMNA, LOCS, lama3a | Binding to cells via a high-affinity receptor, mediating the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues | |
| LBR | NM_002296 | Lamin B receptor | PRO0650, DHCR14B, LMN2R, PHA, TDRD18 | Anchors the lamina and the heterochromatin to the inner nuclear membrane | |
| LCLAT1 | NM_001002257 | Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 | UNQ1849/PRO3579, 1AGPAT8, AGPAT8, ALCAT1, HSRG1849, LYCAT, UNQ1849 | Acyl-CoA: lysocardiolipin acyltransferase | |
| LFNG | NM_001040167 | LFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | SCDO3 | Glycosyltransferase | |
| LGALSL | NM_014181 | Lectin, galactoside-binding-like | HSPC159, GRP | Does not bind lactose and may not bind carbohydrates | |
| LPGAT1 | NM_014873 | Lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 | FAM34A, FAM34A1, NET8 | Lysophoshatidylglycerol-specific acyltransferase | |
| LRRC17 | NM_001031692 | Leucine rich repeat containing 17 | UNQ3076/PRO9909, P37NB | Involved in bone homeostasis, acting as a negative regulator of RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor differentiation from bone marrow precursors | |
| LRRN3 | NM_001099658 | Leucine rich repeat neuronal 3 | Nbla10363, FIGLER5, NLRR-3, NLRR3 | ||
| LYSMD3 | NM_001286812 | LysM, putative peptidoglycan-binding, domain containing 3 | |||
| MAP2K1 | NM_002755 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 | CFC3, MAPKK1, MEK1, MKK1, PRKMK1 | Catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in MAP kinases | Yes |
| MAZ | NM_001042539 | MYC-associated zinc finger protein (purine-binding transcription factor) | PUR1, Pur-1, SAF-1, SAF-2, SAF-3, ZF87, ZNF801, Zif87 | May function as a transcription factor with dual roles in transcription initiation and termination | |
| MCL1 | NM_001197320 | Myeloid cell leukemia 1 | BCL2L3, EAT-ES, MCL1L, MCL1S, Mcl-1, TM, bcl2-L-3, mcl1/EAT, MCL1 | Involved in the regulation of apoptosis versus cell survival, and in the maintenance of viability but not of proliferation | |
| METAP1 | NM_015143 | Methionyl aminopeptidase 1 | MAP1A, MetAP1A | Removes the amino terminal methionine from nascent proteins | |
| MGAT5 | NM_002410 | Mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase | GNT-V, GNT-VA | Catalyzes the addition of N-acetylglucosamine in β 1–6 linkage to the α-linked mannose of biantennary N-linked oligosaccharides | |
| MOB1A | NM_018221 | MOB kinase activator 1A | C2orf6, MATS1, MOB1, MOBK1B, MOBKL1B, Mob4B | Activator of LATS1/2 in the Hippo signaling pathway | |
| MOB1B | NM_001244766 | MOB kinase activator 1B | MATS2, MOB4A, MOBKL1A | Activator of LATS1/2 in the Hippo signaling pathway | |
| MOB3B | NM_024761 | MOB kinase activator 3B | C9orf35, MOB1D, MOBKL2B | May regulate the activity of kinases | |
| MRPS14 | NM_022100 | Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S14 | DJ262D12.2, HSMRPS14, MRP-S14, S14mt | ||
| MTMR12 | NM_001040446 | Myotubularin related protein 12 | 3-PAP, PIP3AP | Inactive phosphatase that plays a role as an adapter for the phosphatase myotubularin, to regulate myotubularin intracellular location | |
| MTMR3 | NM_021090 | Myotubularin related protein 3 | hCG_2011013, FYVE-DSP1, ZFYVE10 | Phosphatase that acts on lipids with a phosphoinositol head group | |
| ND2 | NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane re-spiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) | |||
| NFYB | NM_006166 | Nuclear transcription factor Yβ | CBF-A, CBF-B, HAP3, NF-YB | Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters | |
| NKX3-2 | NM_001189 | NK3 homeobox 2 | BAPX1, NKX3.2, NKX3B, SMMD | Transcriptional repressor that acts as a negative regulator of chondrocyte maturation | |
| NLK | NM_016231 | Nemo-like kinase | Role in cell fate determination, required for differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells | ||
| NMRK2 | NM_001289117 | Nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 | ITGB1BP3, MIBP, NRK2 | ||
| NOL4 | NM_001198546 | Nucleolar protein 4 | HRIHFB2255, CT125, NOLP | ||
| NOTCH1 | NM_017617 | Notch 1 | TAN1, hN1 | Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2, and Delta1 to regulate cell fate determination | Yes |
| NOTCH2 | NM_001200001 | Notch 2 | AGS2, HJCYS, hN2 | Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2, and Delta1 to regulate cell fate determination | Yes |
| NR6A1 | NM_001278546 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1 | CT150, GCNF, GCNF1, NR61, RTR, hGCNF, hRTR | Orphan nuclear receptor. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression in germ cell development during gametogenesis | |
| NRP1 | NM_001024628 | Neuropilin 1 | RP11-342D11.1, BDCA4, CD304, NP1, NRP, VEGF165R | The membrane-bound isoform 1 is a receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of certain neuronal circuits, and in organogenesis outside the nervous system | |
| NUDT12 | NM_001300741 | Nudix-type motif 12 | Hydrolyzes NAD(P)H to NMNH and AMP (2′,5′-ADP), and diadenosine diphosphate to AMP | ||
| NUPL1 | NM_001008564 | Nucleoporin like 1 | RP11-206I15.1, PRO2463 | Component of the nuclear pore complex, a complex required for the trafficking across the nuclear membrane | |
| OCA2 | NM_000275 | Oculocutaneous albinism II | BEY, BEY1, BEY2, BOCA, D15S12, EYCL, EYCL2, EYCL3, HCL3, P, PED, SHEP1 | Could be involved in the transport of tyrosine | |
| OFCC1 | NM_153003 | Orofacial cleft 1 candidate 1 | MRDS1 | ||
| OR11A1 | NM_013937 | Olfactory receptor, family 11, subfamily A, member 1 | DAAP-34I1.2, 6M1-18, OR11A2, dJ994E9.6, hs6M1-18 | Odorant receptor | |
| OTUD1 | NM_001145373 | OTU deubiquitinase 1 | DUBA7, OTDC1 | Deubiquitinating enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes ‘Lys-63’-linked polyubiquitin to monoubiquitin | |
| OTX2 | NM_001270523 | Orthodenticle homeobox 2 | CPHD6, MCOPS5 | Probably plays a role in the development of the brain and the sense organs | |
| PABPC1 | NM_002568 | Poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1 | PAB1, PABP, PABP1, PABPC2, PABPL1 | Binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA | |
| PCDHB8 | NM_019120 | Protocadherin β8 | PCDH-β8, PCDH3I | Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein | |
| PFKFB2 | NM_001018053 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 2 | RP11-164O23.2, PFK-2/FBPase-2 | Synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate | |
| PGD | NM_002631 | Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase | 6PGD | Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO2, with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH | |
| PHOX2A | NM_005169 | Paired-like homeobox 2a | ARIX, CFEOM2, FEOM2, NCAM2, PMX2A | May be involved in regulating the specificity of expression of the catecholamine biosynthetic genes | |
| PHPT1 | NM_001135861 | Phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 | RP11-216L13.10-005, CGI-202, HEL-S-132P, HSPC141, PHP14 | Exhibits phosphohistidine phosphatase activity | |
| PITPNB | NM_001284277 | Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein β | RP3-353E16.2, PI-TP-β, PtdInsTP, VIB1B | Catalyzes the transfer of PtdIns and phosphatidylcholine between membranes | |
| PLA2G4C | NM_001159322 | Phospholipase A2, group IVC | CPLA2-γ | Has a preference for arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine as compared with palmitic acid | |
| PLAG1 | NM_001114634 | Pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 | PSA, SGPA, ZNF912 | Transcription factor whose activation results Yes in upregulation of target genes, such as IGFII, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation | |
| PLCL2 | NM_001144382 | Phospholipase C-like 2 | PLCE2 | May play a role in the regulation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 around the endoplasmic reticulum | |
| PLXDC2 | NM_001282736 | Plexin domain containing 2 | UNQ2514/PRO6003, TEM7R | May play a role in tumor angiogenesis | |
| PPP1R9A | NM_001166160 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9A | NRB1, NRBI, Neurabin-I | Binds to actin filaments (F-actin) and shows crosslinking activity | |
| PRAP1 | NM_001145201 | Proline-rich acidic protein 1 | RP11-122K13.6, PRO1195, UPA | May play an important role in maintaining normal growth homeostasis in epithelial cells | |
| PRDX3 | NM_006793 | Peroxiredoxin 3 | AOP-1, AOP1, HBC189, MER5, PRO1748, SP-22, prx-III | Involved in redox regulation of the cell | |
| PRLR | NM_000949 | Prolactin receptor | HPRL, MAB, hPRLrI | This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin | |
| PROSC | NM_007198 | Proline synthetase co-transcribed homolog | |||
| PROX1 | NM_001270616 | Prospero homeobox 1 | May play a fundamental role in early development of the central nervous system | ||
| PRR4 | NM_001098538 | Proline rich 4 | LPRP, PROL4 | ||
| PRRC2B | NM_013318 | Proline-rich coiled-coil 2B | RP11-334J6.1, BAT2L, BAT2L1, KIAA0515, LQFBS-1 | ||
| PTGS2 | NM_000963 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | COX-2, COX2, GRIPGHS, PGG/HS, PGHS-2, PHS-2, hCox-2 | May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity | |
| PTPLAD1 | NM_016395 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A domain containing 1 | B-IND1, HACD3, HSPC121 | Involved in Rac1-signaling pathways leading to the modulation of gene expression | |
| PTPN11 | NM_002834 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 | BPTP3, CFC, NS1, PTP-1D, PTP2C, SH-PTP2, SH-PTP3, SHP2 | Acts downstream of various receptor and Yes cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases to participate in the signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus | |
| PTPN22 | NM_001193431 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 | LYP, LYP1, LYP2, PEP, PTPN8 | Seems to act on Cbl | |
| PTPRZ1 | NM_001206838 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, Z polypeptide 1 | HPTPZ, HPTPζ, PTP-ζ, PTP18, PTPRZ, PTPZ, R-PTP-ζ-2, RPTPB, RPTPβ, phosphacan | May be involved in the regulation of specific developmental processes in the central nervous system | |
| PUM1 | NM_001020658 | Pumilio RNA-binding family member 1 | RP1-65J11.4, HSPUM, PUMH, PUMH1, PUML1 | Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that regulates translation and mRNA stability by binding the 3′-UTR of mRNA targets | |
| RALA | NM_005402 | V-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A | RAL | Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes, including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, and membrane trafficking | |
| RASSF6 | NM_001270391 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 6 | May act as a Ras effector protein | ||
| RLF | NM_012421 | Rearranged L-myc fusion | RP1-39G22.1, ZN-15L, ZNF292L | May be involved in transcriptional regulation. | |
| RNF2 | NM_007212 | Ring finger protein 2 | GS1-120K12.1, BAP-1, BAP1, DING, HIPI3, RING1B, RING2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates mono-ubiquitination of “Lys-119” of histone H2A, playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation | |
| RNF34 | NM_001256858 | Ring finger protein 34 | CARP-1, CARP1, RFI, RIF, RIFF, hRFI | Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Regulates the levels of CASP8 and CASP10 by targeting them for proteasomal degradation | |
| ROPN1L | NM_001201466 | Rhophilin associated tail protein 1-like | RP11-1C1.7, ASP, RSPH11 | ||
| RPL14 | NM_001034996 | Ribosomal protein L14 | CAG-ISL-7, CTG-B33, L14, RL14, hRL14 | ||
| RPS8 | NM_001012 | Ribosomal protein S8 | RP11-269F19.3, S8 | ||
| S100A1 | NM_006271 | S100 calcium binding protein A1 | RP1-178F15.1, S100, S100-α, S100A | Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly – distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer | |
| SCD | NM_005063 | Stearoyl-CoA desaturase | PRO1933, FADS5, MSTP0081, SCDOS, SCD | Terminal component of the liver microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system | |
| SH3BGRL | NM_003022 | SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein like | HEL-S-115, SH3BGR | ||
| SIK2 | NM_015191 | Salt-inducible kinase 2 | LOH11CR1I, QIK, SNF1LK2 | Phosphorylates Ser794 of IRS1 in insulin-stimulated adipocytes | |
| SIRT1 | NM_001142498 | Sirtuin 1 | RP11-57G10.3, SIR2L1 | NAD-dependent deacetylase, which regulates processes such as apoptosis and muscle differentiation by deacetylating key proteins | |
| SIX6 | NM_007374 | SIX homeobox 6 | MCOPCT2, OPTX2, Six9 | May be involved in eye development | |
| SLC35B4 | NM_032826 | Solute carrier family 35 (UDP-xylose/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter), member B4 | PSEC0055, YEA, YEA4 | Sugar transporter that specifically mediates the transport of UDP-Xyl and UDP-GlcNAc from cytosol into Golgi | |
| SLC37A3 | NM_001287498 | Solute carrier family 37, member 3 | |||
| SLC7A11 | NM_014331 | Solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xc-system), member 11 | CCBR1, xCT | Sodium-independent, high-affinity exchange of anionic amino acids with high specificity for anionic form of cystine and glutamate | |
| SLCO2A1 | NM_005630 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2A1 | MATR1, OATP2A1, PGT, PHOAR2, SLC21A2 | May mediate the release of newly synthesized prostaglandins from cells, the transepithelial transport of prostaglandins, and the clearance of prostaglandins from the circulation | |
| SMCHD1 | NM_015295 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1 | Required for maintenance of X inactivation in females and hypermethylation of CpG islands associated with inactive X | ||
| SMG1 | NM_015092 | SMG1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase | 61E3.4, ATX, LIP | Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in both mRNA surveillance and genotoxic stress response pathways | |
| SNAI2 | NM_003068 | Snail family zinc finger 2 | SLUG, SLUGH1, SNAIL2, WS2D | Transcriptional repressor. Involved in the generation and migration of neural crest cells | |
| SOGA2 | NM_015210 | Microtubule crosslinking factor 1 | CCDC165, KIAA0802, MTCL1 | ||
| SPRY2 | NM_005842 | Sprouty homolog 2 | hSPRY2 | May function as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor pathways and may negatively modulate respiratory organogenesis | |
| SRPK2 | NM_001278273 | SRSF protein kinase 2 | SFRSK2 | Phosphorylates RS domain-containing proteins | |
| SRSF7 | NM_001031684 | Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 | 9G8, AAG3, SFRS7 | Required for pre-mRNA splicing | |
| STAG2 | NM_001042749 | Stromal antigen 2 | RP11-517O1.1, SA-2, SA2, SCC3B, bA517O1.1 | Component of cohesion complex, a complex required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication | Yes |
| TAAR6 | NM_175067 | Trace amine associated receptor 6 | RP11-295F4.3, TA4, TAR4, TAR6, TRAR4, taR-4, taR-6 | Orphan receptor. Could be a receptor for trace amines | |
| TAB2 | NM_001292034 | TGF-β activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 | CHTD2, MAP3K7IP2, TAB-2 | Adapter linking MAP3K7/TAK1 and TRAF6, and mediator of MAP3K7 activation in the IL1 signaling pathway | |
| TAF15 | NM_003487 | TAF15 RNA polymerase II, TBP-associated factor | Npl3, RBP56, TAF2N, TAFII68 | RNA and ssDNA-binding protein that may play specific roles during transcription initiation at distinct promoters | Yes |
| TAF2 | NM_003184 | TAF2 RNA polymerase II, TBP-associated factor | CIF150, MRT40B, TAFII150, TAF2 | Transcription factor TFIID is one of the general factors required for accurate and regulated initiation by RNA polymerase II | |
| TAF6L | NM_006473 | TAF6-like RNA PCAF-associated factor | PAF65A | Functions as a component of the PCAF complex | |
| TBX4 | NM_018488 | T-box 4 | SPS | Involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes required for mesoderm differentiation | |
| TCF21 | NM_003206 | Transcription factor 21 | POD1, bHLHa23 | Involved in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in kidney and lung morphogenesis that include epi thelial differentiation and branching morphogenesis | |
| TEAD4 | NM_003213 | TEA domain family, member 4 | EFTR-2, RTEF1, TCF13L1, TEF-3, TEF3, TEFR-1, hRTEF-1B | Binds specifically and noncooperatively to the Sph and GT-IIC “enhansons” (5′GTGGAATGT-3′) and activates transcription | |
| TGFBR3 | NM_001195683 | Transforming growth factor β receptor III | BGCAN, β-glycan | Binds to TGF-β | |
| TGIF2 | NM_001199513 | TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 | Transcriptional repressor. Probably represses tran scription via the recruitment of HDAC proteins | ||
| TIAL1 | NM_001033925 | TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1 | TCBP, TIAR | RNA-binding protein. Possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte target cells May be involved in apoptosis | |
| TM9SF3 | NM_020123 | Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 3 | RP11-34E5.1, EP70-P-iso, SMBP | ||
| TMED4 | NM_182547 | Transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 4 | ERS25, HNLF | Involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. May play a role in the regulation of heat-shock response and apoptosis | |
| TMEM132B | NM_001286219 | Transmembrane protein 132B | |||
| TMEM14A | NM_014051 | Transmembrane protein 14A | PTD011, C6orf73 | ||
| TMEM192 | NM_001100389 | Transmembrane protein 192 | |||
| TMEM257 | NM_004709 | Transmembrane protein 257 | CXorf1 | ||
| TMEM45A | NM_018004 | Transmembrane protein 45A | DERP7 | ||
| TMEM64 | NM_001008495 | Transmembrane protein 64 | |||
| TMPRSS11A | NM_001114387 | Transmembrane protease, serine 11A | ECRG1 | Probable serine protease, which may play a role in cellular senescence | |
| TNIP1 | NM_001252385 | TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1 | ABIN-1, NAF1, VAN, nip40-1 | Interacts with zinc finger protein A20/TNFAIP3 and inhibits TNF-induced NF-κB-dependent gene expression by interfering with an RIP-or TRAF2-mediated transactivation signal | |
| TRIM2 | NM_001130067 | Tripartite motif containing 2 | CMT2R, RNF86 | May contribute to the alteration of neural cellular mechanisms | |
| TSHR | NM_000369 | Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | CHNG1, LGR3, hTSHR-I | Receptor for thyrothropin. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism | Yes |
| TUSC1 | NM_001004125 | Tumor suppressor candidate 1 | TSG-9, TSG9 | ||
| UBA2 | NM_005499 | Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 | HRIHFB2115, ARX, SAE2 | The dimeric enzyme acts as a E1 ligase for SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, and probably SUMO4 | |
| UCHL1 | NM_004181 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 | HEL-117, NDGOA, PARK5, PGP 9.5, PGP9.5, PGP95, Uch-L1 | Ubiquitin-protein hydrolase involved both in the processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins | |
| UGT3A1 | NM_001171873 | UDP glycosyltransferase 3 family, polypeptide A1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyze phase II biotransformation reactions | ||
| USP28 | NM_001301029 | Ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 | Deubiquitinase involved in DNA damage response checkpoint and MYC proto-oncogene stability | ||
| WNT16 | NM_016087 | Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16 | Ligand for members of the Frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors | ||
| WNT2 | NM_003391 | Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2 | INT1L1, IRP | Ligand for members of the Frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors | |
| WNT3A | NM_033131 | Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A | Ligand for members of the Frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors | ||
| XIAP | NM_001167 | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis | RP1-315G1.5, API3, BIRC4, IAP-3, ILP1, MIHA, XLP2, hIAP-3, hIAP3 | Apoptotic suppressor | |
| YOD1 | NM_001276320 | YOD1 deubiquitinase | RP11-164O23.1, DUBA8, OTUD2, PRO0907 | May play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover, by preventing degradation | |
| ZEB2 | NM_001171653 | Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 | HRIHFB2411, HSPC082, SIP-1, SIP1, SMADIP1, ZFHX1B | Transcriptional inhibitor that binds to DNA sequence 5′-CACCT-3′ in different promoters Represses transcription of E-cadherin | |
| ZFP36L2 | NM_006887 | Zinc finger protein 36 homolog | BRF2, ERF-2, ERF2, RNF162C, TIS11D | Probable regulatory protein involved in regulating the response to growth factors | |
| ZNF12 | NM_006956 | Zinc finger protein 12 | GIOT-3, HZF11, KOX3, ZNF325 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | |
| ZNF148 | NM_021964 | Zinc finger protein 148 | BERF-1, BFCOL1, HT-β, ZBP-89, ZFP148, pHZ-52 | Involved in transcriptional regulation | |
| ZNF25 | NM_145011 | Zinc finger protein 25 | KOX19, Zfp9 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | |
| ZNF35 | NM_003420 | Zinc finger protein 35 | HF.10, HF10, Zfp105 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | |
| ZNF350 | NM_021632 | Zinc finger protein 350 | ZBRK1, ZFQR | Transcriptional repressor | |
| ZNF426 | NM_001300883 | Zinc finger protein 426 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | ||
| ZNF445 | NM_181489 | Zinc finger protein 445 | ZKSCAN15, ZNF168, ZSCAN47 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | |
| ZNF558 | NM_144693 | Zinc finger protein 558 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | ||
| ZNF562 | NM_001130031 | Zinc finger protein 562 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | ||
| ZNF594 | NM_032530 | Zinc finger protein 594 | hCG_1775942 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | |
| ZNF652 | NM_001145365 | Zinc finger protein 652 | Functions as a transcriptional repressor | ||
| ZNF763 | NM_001012753 | Zinc finger protein 763 | ZNF, ZNF440L | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | |
Abbreviations: CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IL, interleukin; mRNA, messenger RNA; NK cells, natural killer cells; ssDNA, single-stranded DNA; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UV, ultraviolet.