Table 3.
Neurologic function evaluation in included studies
| Study | Method | Scale best to worst | Functional outcome | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimal | ||||
| Pizzoli et al. [20] | Mobility | 1 to 4 | Preoperative: 3.25 ± 0.59, postoperative: 1.24 ± 0.64 | P < 0.001 |
| Chen et al. [21] | Karnofsky scale | 100 to 0 | Preoperative: 50 ± 10.65, postoperative: 70 ± 3.59 | NA |
| Qian et al. [22] | ODI | 0 to 100 | Preoperative: 71.5 ± 16.7, postoperative: 29.5 ± 10.2 | P < 0.001 |
| SF-36 | 100 to 0 | Preoperative: 34.3 ± 10.8, postoperative: 54.5 ± 10.5 | P < 0.05 | |
| Yang et al. [16] | Karnofsky scale | 100 to 0 | Preoperative: 69.4 ± 8.3, postoperative: 80.3 ± 7.2 | P = 0.002 |
| Pflugmacher et al. [17] | ODI | 0 to 100 | Preoperative: 81 ± 8, postoperative: 39 ± 7 | P < 0.0001 |
| Anselmetti et al. [18] | ODI | 0 to 100 | Preoperative: 82.2, postoperative: 4.1 | P < 0.001 |
| Open | ||||
| Holman et al. [24] | Frankel grade | E to A | 46/112 (41%) improved at least one Frankel grade, 20/112 (18%) regained ambulation, seven (5%) worsened | P < 0.05 |
| Chong et al. [25] | Frankel grade | E to A | 21/105 (20%) improved at least one Frankel grade, 21/105 (48%) regained ambulation, 6/105 (5.7%) worsened | P < 0.05 |
| Eid et al. [26] | ASIA grade | E to A | 23/45 (51%) improved one or more grades, 6/45 (20%) retained their preoperative grade, one (3%) experienced worsening | P > 0.05 |
| Liang et al. [27] | Karnofsky scores | 100 to 0 | The median postoperative Karnofsky scores increased from 60 (range, 40 to 80) to 70 (range, 0 to 80) | P < 0.001 |
| Frankel grade | E to A | 78% improved 1.2 grades at average | NA | |
| Wonik Cho et al. [28] | JOAS | 10 to 0 | Preoperative: 13.11 ± 2.75, postoperative: 15.17 ± 2.09 | P = 0.001 |
| Walter et al. [29] | Frankel grade | E to A | 13 (22.8%) patients improved, 43 (75.5%) had a stable neurological status, one single patient (1.8%) experienced worsening | NA |
| ECOG grade | 0 to 5 | Preoperative: 2.0 ± 1.1, postoperative: 1.7 ± 1.3 | P < 0.05 | |
| Dae-Chul Cho et al. [30] | Frankel grade | E to A | 7/22 (33.3%) improved, 14/21 (66.7%) had a stable neurological status | NA |
| ECOG grade | 0 to 5 | 8 had an improved ECOG grade, and 12 showed no change, 1 experienced worsening | NA | |
| Shehadi et al. [31] | Frankel grade | E to A | 85% maintained or improved their Frankel scores | NA |
| Street et al. [19] | ECOG grade | 0 to 5 | Preoperative: 2.5 ± 1.0, postoperative: 1.6 ± 0.75 | NA |
ODI Oswestry Disability Index, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score, ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, NA not available, SF-36 Short Form 36 Physical Function.