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. 2015 Feb 14;15:21. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0302-8

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© Kweon et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Metabolic ambiguity of PAHs as nutrient or toxicant. The ring-cleavage process (RCP)—mono- or dioxygenation by ring-hydroxylating oxygenases (RHOs) or cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), dehydrogenation by dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and ring-cleavage by ring-cleavage dioxygenase—in mycobacterial PAH metabolism responsible for metabolic benefits is in the green colored area, while production of toxic PAH metabolites/byproducts and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have the potential to cause PAH-adducts and oxidative DNA damage, is in the red colored area.