(A) Manning compound injection decreased the guarding index. Mean ± SEM. Each n = 12, one-way repeated measures ANOVA: Bonferroni correction, ***P<0.001. (B) Saline injection didn’t change the guarding index. Mean ± SEM. Each n = 12, one-way repeated measures ANOVA. (C) Effect of the AVT system on emergence of mate-guarding behavior (guarding test). avt (avt
M1R/M1R) and V1a1 (V1a1
F93Y/F93Y) mutants exhibited mate-guarding behavior, whereas V1a2 (V1a2
N68I/N68I) mutants did not. Mean ± SEM. Each n = 12, Student’s t-test: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. (D) Effect of the AVT system on dominance of mate-guarding behavior (dominance test). avt homozygote mutants (avt
M1R /M1R) and V1a2 homozygote mutants (V1a2
N68I/N68I) tended to be subordinate males in the dominance test. Mean ± SEM. Each n = 12, Student’s t-test: ***P<0.001.