Table 1.

Biomarkers panels for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke and stroke cause.

Panel	Comparison	Marker Type	Assay Platform	Sample Size	Markers in Panel	Sensitivity / Specificity
22 Gene Panel8	Ischemic Stroke vs Control	RNA, PBMCs	Microarray, Affymetrix U133A	40	ADM, APLP2, BST1, C1QR1, CD14, CD163, CD36, CSPG2, CYBB, DUSP1, ENTPD1, ETS2, FCGR1A, FLJ22662, FOS, IL13RA1, KIAA0146, LTA4H, NPL, PILRA, TLR2	78% / 80%
18 Gene Panel9	Ischemic Stroke vs Control	RNA, Whole Blood	Microarray, Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0	60	ARG1, BCL6, CA4, CKAP4, ETS-2, HIST2H2AA, HOX1.11, F5, FPR1, LY96, MMP9, NPL, PYGL, RNASE2, S100A9, S100A12, S100P, SLC16A6	89% / 100%
9 Gene Panel10	Ischemic Stroke vs Control	RNA, Whole Blood	Microarray, Illumina HumanRef-8v2 bead chip	64	ARG1, CA4, CCR7, CSPG2, IQGAP1, LY96, MMP9, ORM1, S100A12	---
18 Gene Panel11	Ischemic Stroke vs Control	RNA, Whole Blood	Microarray, Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0	237	ARG1, BCL6, CA4, CKAP4, ETS-2, HIST2H2AA, HOX1.11, F5, FPR1, LY96, MMP9, NPL, PYGL, RNASE2, S100A9, S100A12, S100P, SLC16A6	93% / 95%
6 Protein Panel12	Ischemic + Hemorrhagic Stroke vs Control	Protein, Plasma	ELISA	1005	Caspase-3, Chimerin, D-dimer, MMP-9, Secretagogin, sRAGE	17%/98%
5 Protein Panel13	Ischemic + Hemorrhagic Stroke vs Control	Protein, Plasma	ELISA	437	BNGF, MCP-1, MMP-9, S100B, vWF	92%/93%
4 Protein Panel14	Ischemic + Hemorrhagic Stroke vs Control	Protein, Plasma	ELISA	946 +343	BNP, D-dimer, MMP9, S100B	86%/37%
4 Protein Panel15	Ischemic Stroke vs Control	Protein, Plasma	ELISA	222	MMP-9, S100B, VCAM, vWF	90%/90%
4 Protein Panel16	Ischemic Stroke vs Control	Protein, Whole blood	Immunoassay	155	BNP, D-dimer, MMP-9, S100B	73%/72%
5 Protein Panel17	Ischemic + Hemorrhagic Stroke vs Control	Protein, Plasma	Immunoassay	130	Eotaxin, EGFR, S100A12, Metalloproteinase inhibitor-4, Prolactin	90%/84%
2 Protein Panel18	Cardioembolic vs NonCardioembolic stroke	Protein, Plasma	ELISA	707	D-dimer, BNP	87%/85%
40 Gene Panel19	Large vessel vs Cardioembolic Stroke	RNA, Whole Blood	Microarray, Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0	99	ADAMTSL4, AP3S2, ARHGEF12, ARHGEF5, BANK1, C16orf68, C19orf28, CD46, CHURC1, CLEC18A, COL13A1, EBF1, ENPP2, EXT2, FCRL1, FLJ40125, GRM5, GSTK1, HLA-DOA, IRF6, LHFP, LHFP, LOC284751, LRRC37A3, OOEP, P2RX5, PIK3C2B, PTPN20A, TFDP1, TMEM19, TSKS, ZNF185, ZNF254	100%/96%
41 Gene Panel20	Lacunar vs Non-Lacunar Stroke	RNA, Whole Blood	Microarray, Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Microarray	131	ALS2CR11, C18orf49, CALM1, CCDC114, CCDC78, CCL2, CCL3, CHML, FAM179A, FAM70B, FLJ13773, GBP4, GTF2H2, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB4, IL8, LAG3, LAIR2, LGR6, LRRC8B, MPZL3, OASL, PDXDC1, PROCR, PRSS23, QKI, RASEF, RUNX3, SCAND2, STK4, STX7, TGFBR3, TSEN54, TTC12, UBA7, UGCG. UTS2, VAPA	>90%/90%