Researcher-participant differences in priorities
Participant voices ignorance of research study or research in general Participant unsure whether participation was helpful Participant discontinues participation after first encounter, stating they have nothing more to contribute Participant refuses aspects of the study (e.g., videotaping, home visit) when not expecting them Patient desires someone else (family member, caregiver) to participate on their behalf Researcher's value for expedient, on-point data results in participants' interests being dismissed Participant's value for conversation and own goals results in time inefficiencies for researcher
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Mistrust and misunderstanding of research and researchers
Mistrust for researchers' intention, perceptions of hidden motives Distrust of health system carries over into distrust of researchers, research study Participant wary that researcher will take advantage of them in return for inadequate benefits Questioning of need for certain data (address, income, social activities) Hesitancy to consent to videotaping of home out of concern for invasion of privacy and questions about how recordings will be used Researcher viewed as clinical expert, asked for medical advice Researcher perceived as talking with doctors, having control over care plan Participant asks for connections to university/medical center for personal advancement Unwillingness to reveal sensitive information (at least initially) or “sugarcoating” of situation Participant provides different answers to male vs. female researchers
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Differences in language, perspective, and personal norms
Researcher asked to help to read research materials (e.g., survey, knowledge test), interpret medical jargon Participant does not understand question with medical content or language Words interpreted differently depending on participant background or education Participant home environment unwelcoming or insalubrious for researcher Participant worldview or beliefs in conflict with research questions or goals
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