Fig. 3.

SAMHD1^low T-helper 17 cells are preferentially depleted during HIV-1 infection.

Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-negative (HIV−, n = 13) or HIV-1-infected individuals treated (cART+ HIV+, n = 17), nontreated (cART− HIV+, n = 5) or elite controllers (HIV+ EC, n = 6) were stained with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD45RO, anti-CXCR3, anti-CCR4, anti-CCR6 or anti-CD127 and anti-CD25 or anti-CXCR5 and anti-PD1, and anti-SAMHD1. Aqua Vivid was included in the procedure to remove dead cells from the analysis. (a) Gating strategy for memory T helper 1 (Th1: CD45RO⁺CXCR3⁺CCR4⁻CCR6⁻), Th1/Th17 (CD45RO⁺CXCR3⁺CCR4⁻CCR6⁺), Th2 (CD45RO⁺CXCR3⁻CCR4⁺CCR6⁻), Th17 (CD45RO⁺CXCR3⁻CCR4⁺CCR6⁺), Treg (CD45RO⁺CD127^lowCD25^hi) and Tfh-like (CD45RO⁺CXCR5⁺PD1⁺) CD4⁺ T cells. (b) Representative dot-plots of SAMHD1 expression within the Th17 subset gated as in (a) from an HIV-1 negative (HIV-), HIV-1 infected individuals treated (cART+ HIV+), nontreated (cART- HIV+) and elite-controllers (HIV+ EC). (c) Percentages of SAMHD1^low cells among Th17, Th1/17, Th1, Th2, Treg and Tfh-like CD4⁺ T-cells. (d) Percentages of Th17, Th1/17, Th1, Th2, Treg and follicular helper T (Tfh) like cells among gated SAMHD1⁺ and SAMHD1^low CD4⁺ T cells. Data represent median with 25th–75th interquartile range with means displayed as +. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001, two-way analysis of variance tests followed by Bonferroni posttests.