Fig. 2.

Impact of age at antiretroviral therapy initiation on age on reaching each Tanner stage and menarche (interval regression).

(∗) Absolute age at reaching different Tanner stages is presented at the reference category (mode or approximate median) for other significant predictors (see Supplementary Table 3 for full models), specifically for a Zimbabwean child with height and BMI-for-age −2 and −1 at ART initiation, and −2 and −0.7 six months after ART initiation; and 250 cells/μl increase in CD4⁺ during the first 6 months on ART. The effect of age at ART initiation (slope of line) does not depend on these factors, but the absolute age does. Tanner staging of genitalia (G1 = pre-pubertal to G5 = adult) in males or breasts (B1 to B5) in females. Grey lines indicate overall mean/median age on reaching each Tanner stage and menarche in Black American US children when available (no data for G3–G5 in girls). ART, antiretroviral therapy.