FIGURE 4.

Transcriptional changes in cells with high levels of c-di-AMP. A, functional classifications of genes with altered transcript levels in strain LAC*ΔgdpP compared with wild type LAC*. The transcript levels of 307 genes were altered more than 2-fold in strain LAC*ΔgdpP (for full list see supplemental Table S1). These genes were grouped into different functional categories using KEGG mapper, and light and dark gray bars represent the 141 up- and 166 down-regulated genes, respectively. The black shading shows the 82 altered transcripts that match changes seen in S. aureus cells upon activation of the stringent response. B, Venn diagrams illustrating the overlap in transcriptional changes observed in the LAC*ΔgdpP with published microarray data sets. Of the 307 genes with altered transcripts, 294 were eligible for input into the SAMMD database. 37.4, 28.9, and 27.9% of these genes matched genes that were regulated in a similar manner in cells treated with H₂O₂, HOCl, or mupirocin to induce the stringent response, respectively.