Table 2.

Nomenclature of ICING-2 Model

Parameters	Description			Unit
G	Blood glucose level			mmol L−1
Q	Interstitial insulin level			mU L−1
I	Plasma insulin level			mU L−1
P 1	Stomach glucose content			mmol
P 2	Gut glucose content			mmol
P	Rate of glucose appearance in plasma			mmol min−1
u en	Endogenous insulin secretion rate			mU min−1
Parameters and kinetic values of ICING-2 model based on diabetic status
EGP	Endogenous glucose production rate	1.16		mmol min−1
CNS	Central nervous system glucose uptake	0.3		mmol min−1
p G	Patient endogenous glucose removal	0.006		min−1
S I	Insulin sensitivity			L mU−1 min−1
α G	Saturation parameter of insulin-mediated glucose removal	0.0154		L mU−1
V G	Plasma glucose distribution volume	13.3		L
n I	Plasma-interstitium insulin diffusion rate	0.006		min−1
n C	Receptor-bound insulin degradation	0.006		min−1
n K	Renal insulin clearance	0.0542		min−1
n L	Hepatic insulin clearance	0.1578		min−1
α I	Saturation parameter for hepatic insulin clearance	0.0017		L mU−1
V I	Insulin distribution volume	4.0		L
x L	First pass hepatic clearance	0.67
d 1	Rate of glucose transport through the enteral route into the bloodstream	0.0347		min−1
d 2		0.0069		min−1
P max	Maximal gut glucose flux	6.11		mmol min−1
u max	Maximum pancreatic secretion rate	266.7		mU min−1
u min	Minimum pancreatic secretion rate	16.7		mU min−1
k 1	Pancreatic insulin secretion glucose-sensitivity	*NGT	14.9	mU L mmol−1 min−1
		*T2DM	4.9
		*T1DM	0.0
k 2	Pancreatic insulin secretion offset	*NGT	−49.9	mU·min−1
		*T2DM	−27.4
		*T1DM	16.7
Exogenous input variables of ICING-2 model
u ex	Intravenous insulin input rate			mU min−1
D	Oral glucose input rate from enteral nutrition			mmol min−1
PN	Intravenous glucose input rate from parenteral nutrition			mmol min−1

* NGT = normal glucose tolerance, T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus