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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2015 May 1;51:59–69. doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.01.007

Table 3.

Names and underlying assumptions of the feedbacks for attitude towards driving, using public transit and walking.

Attitude towards driving Attitude towards public transit Attitude towards walking
Social network NetworkDriving, NetworkTransit, and NetworkWalking
These feedbacks are based on that people’s attitudes can be
influenced by their social network including family members,
friends and colleagues (Christakis & Fowler, 2007). Because
attitudes may not be directly observable by other individuals and
hence cannot themselves be sources of social influence (Mason, Conrey, & Smith, 2007),
a person will update his attitude based on
observations of the travel mode of her/his friends (rather than
directly from their attitudes)
Number of persons
  using this mode 		Driving2Driving
Because of traffic congestion, more people driving along the route
decreases a person’s attitude towards driving, and vice versa		 Transit2Transit
Higher comfort level on the
transit increases a person’s
attitude towards using public
transit, and vice versa		 Walking2Walking
More people walking increases a
person’s attitude towards
walking, and vice versa
Number of persons
  using other modes 		[Not considered]
No feedbacks included. It is assumed that the # of persons using
public transit or walking has no impact on the experience of
driving		 Driving2Transit
More people driving decreases a
person’s attitude towards public
transit, and vice versa		 Driving2Walking
More people driving decreases
traffic safety and decreases
attitude towards walking, and
vice versa
Other supporting and
  experiential factors 		[Not considered]
Other important factors are not included in feedbacks because
they are part of the cost function. For example, the cost function of
driving considers the price of parking and the time necessary to
find a parking space		 [Not considered]
Other factors such as uncertainty
in public transit schedules and
other comfort related factors on
public transit are not yet
included in this model		 Safety2Walking
Higher level of safety increases a
person’s attitude towards
walking, and vice versa