Table 4.
Subpopulations in the Phone/Web and Web-Only programs more likely to return to the Web Coach website after an initial log-in day.a
| Baseline characteristic or program component | Phone/Web | Web-Only | |||||
|
|
% | (# Returned/subgroup n) | P | % | (# Returned/subgroup n) | P | |
| Overall | 58.39 | (13,966/23,920) |
|
40.15 | (8766/21,832) |
|
|
| Gender |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
<.001b | |
|
|
Female | 60.26 | (8760/14,537) |
|
42.30 | (5591/13,216) |
|
|
|
Male | 55.48 | (5202/9376) |
|
36.86 | (3174/8612) |
|
| Pregnancy status (among females <50 years of age) | <.001 |
|
|
.81 | |||
|
|
Yes, currently pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding | 51.03 | (273/535) |
|
40.09 | (170/424) |
|
|
|
Not pregnant | 58.39 | (5391/9232) |
|
40.68 | (3755/9230) |
|
| Race/ethnicity |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
.26 | |
|
|
White, non-Hispanic | 60.59 | (10,369/17,114) |
|
40.54 | (7010/17,290) |
|
|
|
Black or African American, non-Hispanic | 51.86 | (1435/2767) |
|
39.33 | (542/1378) |
|
|
|
Hispanic or Latino | 50.74 | (1307/2576) |
|
40.10 | (719/1793) |
|
|
|
Other | 59.87 | (719/1201) |
|
37.61 | (378/1005) |
|
| Education |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
<.001b | |
|
|
< High school degree | 52.78 | (1217/2306) |
|
31.94 | (611/1913) |
|
|
|
General education development (GED) | 56.09 | (810/1444) |
|
33.08 | (573/1732) |
|
|
|
High school degree | 56.14 | (3188/5679) |
|
37.98 | (1767/4653) |
|
|
|
> High school | 60.61 | (8566/14,132) |
|
43.20 | (5709/13,215) |
|
| Health insurance status |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
<.001b | |
|
|
Uninsured | 57.09 | (5767/10,102) |
|
37.74 | (3999/10,597) |
|
|
|
Commercial | 60.24 | (4377/7266) |
|
42.52 | (3630/8538) |
|
|
|
Medicaid | 54.85 | (2165/3947) |
|
38.36 | (600/1564) |
|
|
|
Medicare | 64.86 | (1460/2251) |
|
48.54 | (417/859) |
|
| Marital status c |
|
|
.04 |
|
|
<.01 | |
|
|
Single | 69.17 | (821/1187) |
|
32.08 | (385/1200) |
|
|
|
Married or domestic partner | 72.45 | (1270/1753) |
|
36.92 | (687/1861) |
|
|
|
Divorced, separated, or widowed | 73.76 | (711/964) |
|
32.48 | (266/819) |
|
| Annual household income (US$) d |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
.22 | |
|
|
<$15,000 | 60.03 | (952/1586) |
|
36.76 | (569/1548) |
|
|
|
$15,000 to $35,000 | 65.62 | (1002/1527) |
|
39.52 | (677/1713) |
|
|
|
>$35,000 | 68.40 | (844/1234) |
|
39.20 | (490/1250) |
|
| Sexual orientation e |
|
|
<.01 |
|
|
.41 | |
|
|
Heterosexual | 56.96 | (11,129/19,537) |
|
40.89 | (6885/16,836) |
|
|
|
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transexual, or other | 61.15 | (1012/1655) |
|
42.12 | (497/1180) |
|
| Chronic health conditions |
|
|
<.001 |
|
|
.09 | |
|
|
None | 57.69 | (9999/17,333) |
|
39.91 | (6596/16,526) |
|
|
|
≥1f | 60.41 | (3942/6525) |
|
41.25 | (2078/5037) |
|
| Mental health conditions g |
|
|
.08 |
|
|
.21 | |
|
|
None | 57.57 | (6340/11,013) |
|
39.57 | (5024/12,698) |
|
|
|
≥1h | 58.78 | (5420/9221) |
|
40.50 | (2731/6744) |
|
| Tobacco environment (other tobacco users present) e | <.001 |
|
|
<.01 | |||
|
|
Home and/or work | 58.41 | (7074/12,111) |
|
40.25 | (2425/6025) |
|
|
|
Neither home nor work | 60.86 | (5240/8610) |
|
43.54 | (1558/3578) |
|
| Years used tobacco |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
<.001b | |
|
|
<20 years | 53.92 | (4637/8600) |
|
36.44 | (3280/9002) |
|
|
|
≥20 years | 61.40 | (8433/13,735) |
|
42.41 | (5063/11,938) |
|
| Dependence (time to first tobacco use after waking) | <.001 |
|
|
<.001 | |||
|
|
Within 5 minutes | 57.57 | (5972/10,373) |
|
38.58 | (3406/8828) |
|
|
|
≥6 minutes | 59.87 | (7611/12,712) |
|
40.86 | (5053/12,367) |
|
| Cigarette frequency e |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
<.001b | |
|
|
Every day | 58.95 | (12,071/20,478) |
|
39.69 | (7662/19,307) |
|
|
|
Some days | 58.31 | (256/439) |
|
37.96 | (205/540) |
|
|
|
Not at all | 45.36 | (308/679) |
|
50.14 | (184/367) |
|
| Method of entry into program |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
<.001 | |
|
|
Fax referral | 55.09 | (379/688) |
|
37.98 | (109/287) |
|
|
|
Phone call | 59.45 | (12,685/21,337) |
|
41.80 | (3989/9543) |
|
|
|
Web enroll | 47.60 | (902/1895) |
|
38.89 | (4668/12,002) |
|
| Phone program intensity |
|
|
<.001b | n/ai | n/ai | n/ai | |
|
|
1-call | 48.34 | (842/1742) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Multiple-call | 59.18 | (13,124/22,178) |
|
|
|
|
| Call completion |
|
|
<.001b | n/ai | n/ai | n/ai | |
|
|
0 calls | 16.39 | (362/2208) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 call | 55.99 | (6989/12,482) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 calls | 66.91 | (3171/4739) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 calls | 74.51 | (1815/2436) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 calls | 78.68 | (1336/1698) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥5 calls | 82.07 | (293/357) |
|
|
|
|
| NRT benefit shipped j | <.001b |
|
|
<.001b | |||
|
|
Sent NRT | 63.24 | (11,988/18,957) |
|
48.63 | (6325/13,006) |
|
|
|
Not sent NRT | 39.85 | (1978/4963) |
|
27.66 | (2441/8826) |
|
| NRT benefit shipped k (among states offering NRT through Phone/Web and Web-Only) |
|
|
<.001b |
|
|
<.001b | |
|
|
Sent NRT | 62.20 | (10,523/16,917) |
|
48.63 | (6325/13,006) |
|
|
|
Not sent NRT | 27.76 | (855/3080) |
|
26.16 | (1907/7289) |
|
a Analyses focused on those who logged in to the Web Coach website at least once. Responses of “refused,” “don’t know,” and “not collected” were excluded from analyses and resulted in different N’s for each analysis.
b Met meaningful significance threshold requirements of P<.0001 and absolute difference in percentage points between comparison groups rounded to 5 or greater.
c Marital status was assessed at enrollment by 3 states; analysis focused on a limited sample.
d Annual household income was assessed at enrollment by 5 states; analysis focused on a limited sample.
e Sexual orientation, tobacco environment, and cigarette frequency were assessed at enrollment by 9 states; analyses focused on a limited sample.
f Endorsed ≥1 of the following chronic health conditions: asthma, diabetes, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
g Six states (87.4% of study sample) assessed mental health condition status at registration by asking the question, “Do you currently have any mental health conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, depression, drug or alcohol use disorder (substance use disorder; SUD), generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, schizophrenia?” Analysis focused on a limited sample.
h Endorsed ≥1 of the mental health conditions assessed.
i Coaching calls were not included in the Web-Only program.
j Analysis included total sample, regardless of whether or not states offered an NRT benefit through their Phone/Web and/or Web-Only programs.
k Analysis focused on the 6 states that offered an NRT benefit through both their Phone/Web and Web-Only programs.