Table 2.

Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratios (ICER) for Alternative Costs Per Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Dose, Assuming the Lower or Upper Bound of Vaccine Protection for Women With a Previous HPV-16 or -18 Infection

Outcome, Age Group	Cost Per Dosea
	$50	$75	$150	$50	$75	$150
	Lower Bound Protectionb			Upper Bound Protectionb
Cervical cancer outcomes onlyc
Catch up, ages 18–20 yd	$44 000	$57 400	$96 000	$24 800	$33 100	$56 800
Catch up, ages 18–22 y	$116 300	$135 400	$190 200	$53 100	$62 300	$88 700
Catch up, ages 18–24 y	$169 300	$196 700	$275 100	$59 800	$70 100	$99 500
Catch up, ages 18–26 y	$204 200	$236 800	$330 500	$60 100	$70 300	$99 800
Oncogenic outcomes only
Catch up, ages 18–20 yd	$32 200	$42 400	$71 600	$17 400	$23 500	$41 300
Catch up, ages 18–22 y	$90 900	$106 000	$149 300	$41 100	$48 400	$69 300
Catch up, ages 18–24 y	$151 100	$175 600	$245 700	$50 000	$58 700	$83 600
Catch up, ages 18–26 y	$196 200	$227 500	$317 500	$52 700	$61 800	$87 800
All HPV-related outcomes
Catch up, ages 18–20 yd	$22 500	$30 500	$53 500	$12 900	$18 700	$33 300
Catch up, ages 18–22 y	$67 800	$79 600	$113 200	$34 300	$40 700	$59 100
Catch up, ages 18–24 y	$117 700	$137 200	$193 100	$44 500	$52 400	$75 200
Catch up, ages 18–26 y	$167 200	$194 000	$271 700	$49 500	$58 100	$82 900

ICER values in bold signify a cost-effective strategy given a cost-effectiveness threshold of $83 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

Abbreviation: HPV, Human papillomavirus.

^a Exclusive of administration (all ages), as well as time and transport, for females >19 years-old.

^b Vaccine protection in those with prior history of vaccine-targeted HPV types. See Methods for definitions of upper and lower bounds. Vaccine efficacy was assumed to be 100% among individuals with no prior history.

^c All strategies assume status quo cervical cancer screening in Norway.

^d This strategy is compared with routine vaccination of 12-year-old girls only, assuming 71% coverage for all 3 required doses.