Table 2.
Baseline characteristics classified by 10-year mortality status in 5,152 participants
| Total (n) | Dead (n) | % | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 5,152 | 1,046 | (20.3) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 2,887 | 459 | (15.9) | |
| Male | 2,265 | 587 | (25.9) | |
| Age (years) | <0.001* | |||
| <60 | 1,085 | 43 | (4.0) | |
| 60-70 | 2,135 | 274 | (12.8) | |
| ≥70 | 1,932 | 729 | (37.7) | |
| Self-reported diseases | ||||
| CVD | <0.001 | |||
| No | 4,263 | 742 | (17.4) | |
| Yes | 889 | 304 | (34.2) | |
| Asthma | <0.001 | |||
| No | 4,682 | 914 | (19.5) | |
| Yes | 470 | 132 | (28.1) | |
| COPD | <0.001 | |||
| No | 4,881 | 950 | (19.5) | |
| Yes | 271 | 96 | (35.4) | |
| Diabetes | <0.001 | |||
| No | 4,921 | 959 | (19.5) | |
| Yes | 231 | 87 | (37.7) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3,881 | 697 | (18.0) | |
| Yes | 1271 | 349 | (27.5) | |
| Smoking history | <0.001* | |||
| Never | 1,736 | 269 | (15.5) | |
| Former | 2,083 | 464 | (22.3) | |
| Current | 1,333 | 313 | (23.5) | |
| Self-reported symptoms | ||||
| Dyspnoea# | <0.001* | |||
| 0 | 2,749 | 486 | (17.7) | |
| 1 | 2,046 | 437 | (21.4) | |
| ≥2 | 357 | 123 | (34.5) | |
| Chronic cough with sputum | ||||
| No | 4,765 | 920 | (19.3) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 387 | 126 | (32.6) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0.001* | |||
| <18.5 | 49 | 22 | (44.9) | |
| 18.5-24.9 | 1,671 | 367 | (22.0) | |
| 25.0-29.9 | 2,342 | 451 | (19.3) | |
| ≥30.0 | 1,060 | 193 | (18.2) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | <0.001 | |||
| <5 | 4,328 | 808 | (18.7) | |
| ≥5 | 741 | 213 | (28.7) | |
| FEV1% predicted | <0.001* | |||
| <50 | 194 | 99 | (51.0) | |
| 50–80 | 1,672 | 434 | (26.0) | |
| ≥80 | 3,122 | 456 | (14.6) | |
| FEV1/FVC% | <0.001 | |||
| <70 | 1,101 | 386 | (35.1) | |
| ≥70 | 3,911 | 612 | (15.6) | |
| SpO2 (%) | <0.001* | |||
| ≤92 | 53 | 25 | (47.2) | |
| 93–95 | 537 | 163 | (30.4) | |
| ≥96 | 4,562 | 858 | (18.8) | |
*Chi-square trend.
#Dyspnoea: 0, no dyspnoea; 1, dyspnoea walking rapidly on level ground or up a moderate slope; ≥2, dyspnoea walking slowly on level ground, washing or dressing, or at rest.
Definitions of abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; SpO2, arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry.