Table 3.
BCG vaccination and death in a cohort of 784 children between 1 and 5 years age in Mbale, Eastern Uganda*
| Variable | No. of deaths/total | Deaths/1,000 (95% CI) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCG vaccination | ||||
| Yes | 29/635 | 46 (31, 65) | 0.38(0.21, 0.65) | 0.26 (0.14, 0.48) |
| No | 20/149 | 134 (84, 200) | 1 | |
| Maternal age | ||||
| <20 years | 16/174 | 92 (53, 145) | 1 | 1 |
| 20-24 | 15/254 | 59 (33, 96) | 0.65 (0.33, 1.31) | 0.70 (0.33, 1.47) |
| 25-29 | 7/188 | 37 (15, 75) | 0.40 (0.16, 0.96) | 0.40 (0.16, 0.99) |
| ≥30 | 11/168 | 65 (33, 114) | 0.73 (0.34, 1.57) | 0.69 (0.31, 1.56) |
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 11/191 | 58 (29, 101) | 1 | |
| 1-2 | 17/238 | 71 (42, 112) | 1.13 (0.54, 2.36) | |
| 3-4 | 9/182 | 49 (23, 92) | 0.78 (0.33, 1.86) | |
| 5 or more | 12/173 | 69 (36, 118) | 1.16 (0.52, 2.59) | |
| Mother’s education | ||||
| >7 years | 15/230 | 65 (37, 105) | 1 | |
| ≤7 years | 34/554 | 61 (43, 85) | 0.97 (0.53, 1.77) | |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 44/609 | 72 (53, 96) | 1 | 1 |
| Urban | 5/175 | 29 (09, 65) | 0.45 (0.19, 1.10) | 0.51 (0.16, 1.59) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 34/483 | 70 (49, 97) | 1 | 1 |
| Co-habiting | 14/231 | 61 (34, 100) | 0.82 (0.44, 1.53) | 0.93 (0.48, 1.79) |
| Otherb | 1/70 | 14 (00, 77) | 0.18 (0.02, 1.32) | 0.15 (0.02, 1.10) |
| Maternal HIV status | ||||
| Negative | 8/139 | 58 (25,110) | 1 | 1 |
| Positive | 2/12 | 167 (21, 484) | 3.09 (0.66, 14.58) | 1.82 (0.22, 15.14) |
| Don’t know | 39/633 | 62 (44,83) | 1.07 (0.50, 2.28) | 1.11 (0.49, 2.51) |
| Household wealth index | ||||
| Poorest 20% | 9/151 | 60 (28, 110) | 1 | |
| Middle 40% | 23/313 | 73 (47, 108) | 1.23 (0.58, 2.73) | |
| Richest 40% | 17/320 | 53 (31, 84) | 0.97 (0.44, 2.16) | |
| Antenatal care attendance | ||||
| No | 16/215 | 74 (43, 118) | 1.20 (0.66, 2.18) | |
| Yes | 33/569 | 58 (40, 80) | 1 | |
| Place of birth | ||||
| Home/TBA | 30/419 | 72 (49, 101) | 1.33 (0.75, 2.36) | |
| Hospital/clinic | 19/365 | 52 (32, 80) | 1 | |
| Peer counselling for exclusive breastfeeding | ||||
| No | 18/378 | 48 (28, 74) | 0.64 (0.36,1.13) | |
| Yes | 31/406 | 76 (52, 107) | 1 | |
*CI indicates confidence interval and HR indicates hazards ratio(s) obtained from Cox proportional hazards models.
aModel adjusted for age of the child in days and clustering to take into account the design of the PROMISE-EBF trial.
bincludes women that were separated, divorced or widowed.