CMIP5 models and the corresponding groups considered for the evaluation of the robustness measure R. Owing to inconsistent grid sizes, we have interpolated (regridded) the data to a common resolution of approximately 200 km (i.e. 1.875° × 1.86° in longitude and latitude). The following daily variables have been used: mean near-surface air temperature (tas), maximum near-surface air temperature (tasmax), minimum near-surface air temperature (tasmin) and precipitation (pr). The data have been downloaded from the ESGF database [34].