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. 2015 Feb 22;13:13. doi: 10.1186/s12964-015-0092-z

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© Murakami et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Proposed relationship between MCPyV and mutated monocytes in LCH-RO (+). Mutated precursor LCH cells (mutant monocytes) in blood vessels recognize MCPyV and induce LCH-RO (+). LCH lesion is consisted by accumulation and prolonged survival of LCH cells with T cells, eosinophils, macrophages, etc., which is not different from that of LCH-RO (−). In LCH lesions the prominent sources of cytokine storm are T cells and LCH cells. LCH cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, and growth factors. After accumulation and prolonged survival of LCH cells, LCH lesions diminish and spontaneous healing may be observed. But circulating monocytes with mutation triggered by MCPyV caused disseminated LCH lesions including RO.