Table 2.
Life course multivariate linear regression using data obtained from multiple imputation: men (n = 3,753)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
| Variables | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P |
| Mother's education level | ||||||||
| Left school at 15 or later | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Left school before 14 | 0.17 (0.08) | 0.03 | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.04 | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.35 | 0.06 (0.08) | 0.44 |
| Father's social class at birth | ||||||||
| Nonmanual | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Manual | 0.39 (0.08) | <0.01 | 0.37 (0.08) | <0.01 | 0.23 (0.08) | <0.01 | 0.22 (0.08) | <0.01 |
| Overcrowding | ||||||||
| >1.5 people per room | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| ≤1.5 people per room | −0.08 (0.10) | 0.46 | −0.03 (0.10) | 0.79 | 0.02 (0.10) | 0.84 | 0.04 (0.10) | 0.70 |
| Mother's BMI | ||||||||
| Normal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Underweight | 0.13 (0.17) | 0.46 | 0.10 (0.17) | 0.58 | 0.19 (0.17) | 0.26 | 0.21 (0.17) | 0.22 |
| Overweight | 0.29 (0.08) | <0.01 | 0.29 (0.08) | <0.01 | 0.23 (0.08) | <0.01 | 0.22 (0.08) | <0.01 |
| Obese | 0.59 (0.16) | <0.01 | 0.55 (0.16) | <0.01 | 0.32 (0.16) | 0.05 | 0.30 (0.16) | 0.06 |
| Mother smoked during pregnancy | ||||||||
| No | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Sometimes | 0.29 (0.14) | 0.03 | 0.26 (0.14) | 0.05 | 0.16 (0.13) | 0.22 | 0.16 (0.13) | 0.24 |
| Moderately | 0.12 (0.09) | 0.19 | 0.11 (0.09) | 0.25 | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.39 | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.40 |
| Heavily | 0.22 (0.10) | 0.03 | 0.20 (0.10) | 0.06 | 0.09 (0.10) | 0.38 | 0.09 (0.10) | 0.39 |
| Birth weight | ||||||||
| Q1: low weight | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Q2 | −0.27 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.25 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.24 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.22 (0.09) | 0.01 |
| Q3 | −0.26 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.25 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.26 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.23 (0.09) | 0.01 |
| Q4: high weight | −0.31 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.28 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.32 (0.09) | <0.01 | −0.30 (0.09) | <0.01 |
| Childhood pathologies | ||||||||
| No | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Yes | 0.20 (0.07) | <0.01 | 0.18 (0.07) | 0.01 | 0.15 (0.07) | 0.03 | ||
| ACEs | ||||||||
| None | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| One | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.02 | 0.06 (0.08) | 0.47 | 0.05 (0.08) | 0.54 | ||
| Two or more | 0.46 (0.13) | <0.01 | 0.25 (0.13) | 0.05 | 0.19 (0.13) | 0.14 | ||
| Smoking status at 23 | ||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Former smoker | −0.17 (0.09) | 0.05 | −0.16 (0.09) | 0.06 | ||||
| Smoker: less than 10 cigarettes | −0.06 (0.15) | 0.69 | −0.07 (0.15) | 0.64 | ||||
| Smoker: 10–19 cigarettes | 0.42 (0.11) | <0.01 | 0.40 (0.11) | <0.01 | ||||
| Smoker: more than 20 cigarettes | 0.79 (0.10) | <0.01 | 0.77 (0.10) | <0.01 | ||||
| Alcohol consumption at 23 | ||||||||
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Abstainers | −0.04 (0.11) | 0.73 | −0.08 (0.11) | 0.43 | ||||
| Heavy drinkers | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.39 | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.54 | ||||
| Physical activity at 23 | ||||||||
| Physically active | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Moderately active | 0.09 (0.09) | 0.32 | 0.10 (0.09) | 0.28 | ||||
| Inactive | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.03 | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.08 | ||||
| Malaise inventory at 23 | ||||||||
| No | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.06 (0.18) | 0.75 | 0.01 (0.18) | 0.95 | ||||
| Education level at 23 | ||||||||
| Passed A levels | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Passed O levels | 0.11 (0.09) | 0.20 | 0.09 (0.09) | 0.33 | ||||
| No qualifications | 0.26 (0.10) | <0.01 | 0.20 (0.11) | 0.07 | ||||
| BMI at 23 | ||||||||
| Normal | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Underweight | −0.15 (0.21) | 0.46 | −0.24 (0.21) | 0.24 | ||||
| Overweight | 0.48 (0.09) | <0.01 | 0.47 (0.09) | <0.01 | ||||
| Obese | 1.22 (0.24) | <0.01 | 1.16 (0.24) | <0.01 | ||||
| Social class at 33 | ||||||||
| Nonmanual | 0 | |||||||
| Manual | −0.03 (0.08) | 0.71 | ||||||
| Wealth at 33 | ||||||||
| Not owner | 0 | |||||||
| Owner: Q1 (Low price) | −0.17 (0.10) | 0.10 | ||||||
| Owner: Q2 | −0.15 (0.11) | 0.15 | ||||||
| Owner: Q3 | −0.39 (0.11) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Owner: Q4 | −0.43 (0.12) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Marital status at 33 | ||||||||
| Couple | 0 | |||||||
| Single | 0.22 (0.10) | 0.02 | ||||||
| Divorced or widowed | 0.15 (0.14) | 0.28 | ||||||