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. 2015 Feb 22;14:50. doi: 10.1186/s12943-015-0309-1

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© Luwor et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Live cell TGF-β signalling promotes cell migration. MDA-MB-231 cells were infected with Ad.CAGA-Td-Tom virus and stimulated with ± TGF-β (5 ng/ml) before being seeded in the apical chamber of transwells and a 24-well plate in triplicate for 48 h. Cells on the underneath of the transwell membrane and in the 24-well plate were fixed, permeabilised and stained with DAPI. A. Images were taken of the cells underneath the membrane (migrated cells) and the 24-well plate (non-migrated cells) using a fluorescent microscope visualizing Smad3 active cells (red) and nuclear staining (blue). These data are representative of 3 separate experiments. B. The relative pixel intensity of Smad3 activity was quantified using imageJ software and presented as the average of 3 randomly chosen fields ± SD; (n = 3; *P < 0.05).