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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 27.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2014 Sep 28;46(11):1239–1244. doi: 10.1038/ng.3103

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Severe DNA damage in hepatocellular carcinoma biopsies and focal nuclear accumulation of SPRTN. (a) Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of human liver biopsies from a healthy control (Ctrl), a patient with idiopathic, non–viral caused HCC and the HCC of patients with SPRTN mutations (A-IV:1, B-II:1 and B-II:4). The samples were stained with antibody raised against the C-terminal part of SPRTN (C-ter Ab) or with antibodies against γ-H2AX, 53BP1 or Ki-67. The insets in the top three rows are at 1.25× magnification. (b) U2OS cells were transiently transfected with Flag-tagged WT or mutant SPRTN and challenged with 1 μM of CPT to induce replication-related DSBs and thus mimic the DNA damage observed in patients’ livers. The images at the bottom of b are 3× magnified versions of the boxed areas in the merged images above. Scale bars, 10 μm (a,b).