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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 27.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA. 2015 Jan 20;313(3):255–263. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17985

Table 2.

Reproductive Outcomes for Conventional IVF and ICSI Among Fresh Cycles With and Without Male Factor Infertility, 2008-2012a

Outcomes Conventional IVF ICSI Relative Risk (95% CI) P Valueb
Total No. No. (%) With Outcome Total No. No. (%) With Outcome Unadjusted Adjusted
Male Factor Infertility
Cycle canceled before transferc 12 648 1715 (13.6) 164 263 10 295 (6.3) 0.47 (0.42-0.54) 0.50 (0.45-0.56)d <.001
Among transfers
    Implantation ratee 22 886 5863 (25.6) 321 419 82 006 (25.5) 0.94 (0.88-1.00) 0.95 (0.91-0.98)f .02
    Clinical intrauterine pregnancy 10 933 5232 (47.9) 153 968 73 850 (48.0) 0.97 (0.93-1.02) 0.98 (0.95-1.01)f >.99
    Live birth 10 933 4296 (39.3) 153 968 61 450 (39.9) 0.97 (0.92-1.03) 0.98 (0.95-1.02)f >.99
Among pregnancies
    Miscarriage 5232 839 (16.0) 73 850 10 946 (14.8) 1.00 (0.92-1.08) 0.97 (0.91-1.04)f >.99
Among live births
    Multiple live birth 4296 1469 (34.2) 61 450 19 002 (30.9) 0.88 (0.84-0.94) 0.87 (0.83-0.91)f <.001
    Preterm delivery 4287 1250 (29.2) 61 347 16 822 (27.4) 0.94 (0.88-1.01) 0.93 (0.88-0.98)f .06
    Low birth weight in any infant 4230 1242 (29.4) 60 273 16 936 (28.1) 0.95 (0.89-1.00) 0.93 (0.88-0.98)f .06
Non-Male Factor Infertility
Cycle canceled before transferc 112 877 8985 (8.0) 205 119 16 911 (8.2) 1.03 (0.93-1.13) 0.88 (0.81-0.97)d .06
Among transfers
    Implantation ratee 216 125 54 362 (25.2) 395 054 90 987 (23.0) 0.92 (0.88-0.97) 0.93 (0.91-0.95)f <.001
    Clinical pregnancy 103 892 49 732 (47.9) 188 208 84 578 (44.9) 0.94 (0.91-0.97) 0.95 (0.93-0.97)f <.001
    Live birth 103 892 40 703 (39.2) 188 208 68 735 (36.5) 0.93 (0.90-0.97) 0.95 (0.93-0.97)f <.001
Among pregnancies
    Miscarriage 49 732 7921 (15.9) 84 578 13 978 (16.5) 1.03 (0.99-1.07) 1.03 (1.00-1.06)f .97
Among live births
    Multiple live birth 40 703 12 633 (31.0) 68 735 20 671 (30.1) 0.97 (0.93-1.00) 0.93 (0.91-0.95)f <.001
    Preterm delivery 40 642 11 490 (28.3) 68 533 19 324 (28.2) 1.00 (0.96-1.03) 0.97 (0.95-1.00)f .30
    Low birth weight in any infant 39 999 11 415 (28.5) 67 178 19 087 (28.4) 1.00 (0.96-1.03) 0.96 (0.94-0.99)f .03

Abbreviations: ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF, in vitro fertilization.

a

All models included generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by clinic. Conventional IVF was the reference for all comparisons.

b

P values are adjusted for the 8 outcomes assessed in the stratum using Bonferroni correction.

c

Cycle canceled between retrieval and transfer.

d

Male factor infertility model was adjusted for maternal age, number of prior live births, number of prior spontaneous abortions, number of prior assisted reproductive technology cycles, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos cryopreserved, donor egg/embryo, donor sperm, use of preimplantation genetic testing, and infertility diagnosis (tubal factor, endometriosis, uterine factor, ovulatory disorder, and diminished ovarian reserve). Non–male factor infertility model was adjusted for all of the above and for unexplained infertility.

e

Calculated as the number of embryos implanted divided by the total number of embryos transferred; if number of fetal heartbeats and number of live and stillborn infants was missing, then implantation rate was considered missing.

f

Male factor infertility models were adjusted for maternal age, number of prior live births, number of prior spontaneous abortions, number of prior assisted reproductive technology cycles, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos transferred, embryo stage at transfer, number of embryos cryopreserved, use of assisted hatching, donor egg/embryo, donor sperm, use of preimplantation genetic testing, and infertility diagnosis (tubal factor, endometriosis, uterine factor, ovulatory disorder, and diminished ovarian reserve).