Table 1.

Events marking the beginning of each sporophyte phenophase recognized in laboratory cultures of Aloina ambigua

Phenophase	Event marking beginning of phenophase
Embryo	Fertilization; embryo visible and reaches ∼1–3 mm in length
Post-embryonic (seta elongation)	Calyptra formation (rupture of vaginula) and from 1 to 6 days after calyptral rupture
Capsule expansion (premeiosis)	Calyptra splits vertically at base
Meiosis	Annular and/or proximal opercular region becomes reddish brown
Postmeiosis	Theca turns from green to brown